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What is the relationship between mistletoe and the woody plant?
What do mosquitoes feed on?
What is the result of being bitten by a tick?
What is the relationship between the tomato hornworm and the wasp eggs?
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What is the habitat of tapeworms or hookworms?
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Study Notes
Symbiotic Relationships
- Symbiosis is the relationship between two different individual species that live together in a close relationship.
Types of Symbiosis
- There are three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism
- Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Examples of mutualism include:
- Acacia galls and stinging ants, where ants defend the tree from insects and the tree provides a home for the ants.
- Flowers and their pollinators, where bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.
- Moray eel and cleaner fish, where the cleaner fish gets a meal and the eel gets a clean mouth.
- Birds and mammals eating berries and fruits, while the plant benefits from seed dispersal.
- Oxbird and antelope, where the oxbird gets rid of parasites and has a meal.
- Cleaners eating insect pests from animal skin.
- Algae and fungi (lichen), where algae gets water and nutrients and fungi gets food from algae.
- Herbivores and bacteria in their stomachs, where bacteria break down plant material.
Commensalism
- Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits and the other remains unaffected.
- Examples of commensalism include:
- Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale.
- Small mammals or birds living in holes in trees or orchids living in trees.
- Egrets eating insects stirred up by cattle eating grass.
Parasitism
- Parasitism is a relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) and the species it depends on (host) is harmed.
- Examples of parasitism include:
- Ticks and fleas living in a host animal's fur, biting and drinking blood.
- Mistletoe taking moisture and nutrients from a woody plant.
- Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host.
- Tapeworms attaching to a dog's intestines and taking nutrients.
- Vines such as Kudzu growing on trees.
- Tomato hornworm with wasp eggs.
- Tapeworms or hookworms living in a host's gut.
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