Technical Reviewer PDF

POINTERS TO REVIEW! -**Memorandum**- common practices of inter-office communication in the police service is the memorandum. /Simplest way/ "note to help the memory"/ compliance by or information of majority of all officers and members. -Blotter (diff between Pink and Blue and the format) **Pink-...

POINTERS TO REVIEW! -**Memorandum**- common practices of inter-office communication in the police service is the memorandum. /Simplest way/ "note to help the memory"/ compliance by or information of majority of all officers and members. -Blotter (diff between Pink and Blue and the format) **Pink-** police blotter for WCPD(Women and children protection desk) **Blue**- contains the daily register of all crime incidents reports, official summary of arrest.. Format: 18" x 12" logbook with hard bound cover -Types of Investigative Reports: **Spot report**- immediate initial investigation done after an important incident took place ,to inform immediate chief **Progress report**- is a follow-up of the initial investigation, cover new finding, statement of add witness/" modus operandi"/ -10 Codes of Communication (10-24-**follow up** to 10-26-**victim** and 10-72-**illegal assembly,rally** to 10-74-**negative**) -Lesson 1 Meron yung mga types of Report **Writing**- process of putting together symbols,letters,punctuations and spaces to convey something.. one of the indespensible skills that a learner should develop in order to express his ideas **Report**- specific form of writing,written consicely and clearly **Report writing**- act of organizing and clearly presenting significant information/operates conveying information/usually in written format **Formal**-structured,organized,formal template, language,spot report-,progress,final **Informal**-casual language,short message,minutes of the meeting,narrative report/narrating **Short** -1-2pagesbonly took an hour or day to a complish **Long**- took week/month to accomplish ex. Research **Informational**- provide fact data feedback and other information Analytical-analysis ,evaluation and interpretation to those given data and interpretation -Lesson 2 **Investigation**-inquiry,judicial, or otherwise ,for the discovery and collection of facts/process of inquiring,eliciting,soliciting and getting vital info **Criminal investigation** -- collection of facts in order to accomplish the three fold aims (Identify,locate, provide evidence) Meron yung Six Cardinal points(5Ws and 1 H) **Investigative reporting**- objective statement of the investigators finding/official record of info/submit to superior -Lesson 3 **Accurate and specific**- free from mistakes and error **Brief and consice**- short/economy words/use necessary words only/ **Clear and complete**-free from confusion and ambiguity,easily understood/5ws &1H/ **Factual and objective-** only facts not hearsay,fair and impartial **Well organized and grammatically correc**t- in chronological order ***5 basic steps in Investigative report writing*** **Gather the facts,record,organize,write the report and evaluate the report by editing and proofreading** -Lesson 4 **Grammar**-system if knowledge/reflection of language/is a way we arrange words to make proper sentences **Syntax**- proper arrangement of words to create a well formed sentences **Morphology**- study of the form of words **Composition**- the way the writers arranges the word and sentences, work meaningful and coherent. Meron yung Types of Composition Writing **Description**-descfibe something or someone,characteristic feature and significant details **Narration**-personal account,a story that the writer tell his or her reader,series of events,facts,... **Exposition**- expounding and explaning a person ,place event.. **Argumentation**- comparing and contrasting.methodological presentation of both sides -Lesson 5 **Part of speech(bahagi Ng pananalita)** -- a class of words/category of where a word belongs according to a function **Noun**- used to name person, thing animal etc. According to it's number: **Singular**- one person **Plural**-two or more person According to nature- **Common noun**- generic term /not capitalized **Proper noun**- specific/capitalized **Pronouns**- words that used to replace nouns Ex. He,she, her,him **Personal pronouns**- primarily associated to a person(I,you,me,she) **Demonstrative pronouns**- use to point something specific(S-this P-these) **Verb**- used to state action/occurrence/status **Helping verb**-(do,be,have,was...) **Linking verb**- link to the subject of the sentence to a description that follows **Preposition**- use before a noun phrase,pronoun to show direction, time ,place and location(in,on,at,above,over,under) **ADVERBS**-describe verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. They soecify when, where, how, and why something happened and to what extent and how often Ex. Softly,quickly,lazily ,hopefully **ADJECTIVES**-describe nouns and pronouns. They specify which ane, how much, what kind, and more. Adjectives allow readers and listeners to use their senses to imagine something more clearly Ex. Hot,lazy,funny, unique **ARTICLES/DETERMINERS-f**unction like an adjective by modifying nouns, but they are different than adjectives in that they are necessary for a sentence to have proper syntax Examole of articles: a, an, the. Example of determiners: these, that, those, enough, much, few, which, what **CONJUNCTIONS**- These are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together. It allows the writer to form complex, elegant sentences and avoid the choppiness of multiple short sentences **Coordinating Conjunctions**- Conjunction that is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences together. Coordinating conjunctions are very commonly used in all kinds of writing and speech (Thesaurus, 2021) Example: Eagles and falcons are birds. She didn't know if she should stay or go. The pepper is spicy yet sweel **Correlative Conjunctions-** is one of a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect equal parts of the sentence. The second member of a pair of correlative conjunctions is also a coordinating conjunction (Thesaurus, 2021). Example: Ally likes both cats and dogs. I would rather drive than walk. **Subordinating Conjunction**s is a conjunction that is used to link a subordinate clause, also called a dependent clause, to an independent clause. Typically, subordinating conjunction comes first in a subordinate clause (Thesaurus, 2021) Example: I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve. I've liked mystery novels since I was a teenager. Whenever Halloween comes around, my neighbor buys tons of pumpkin. 1. **INTERJECTIONS**- are expressions that can stand on their own or be contained within sentences. These words and phrases often carry strong emotions and convey reactions. Example: ah, whoops, ouch, yabba dabbe dol Example: Ah, that feels good. Ah! I've won! Dear me! That's a surprise! Know your tenses 🫶🏻 -Lesson 6 **Subject verb agreement** -grammatical rule that the verb or verbs match the number, person and gender of the subject Rules: KEY: SUBJECT ITALICIZED; VERB UNDERLINED 1. **Singular subjects require singular verbs.** Example: She writes every day. 2. **Plural subjects require plural verbs.** Example: They write every day. 3. **Compound subjects with the word "and" require plural verbs.** Example: The doctoral student and the committee members write every day. 4. **When there is one subject and more than one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence must agree with the subject** Example: Interviews are one way to collect data and allow researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of participants. Example: An assumption is something that is generally accepted as true and is important consideration when conducting a doctoral study. 5. **When a phrase comes between the subject and the verb, remember that the verb still agrees with the subject, not the noun or pronoun in the phrase following the subject of the sentence.** Example: The student, as well as the committee members, is excited. Example: The student with all the master's degrees is very motivated Example: Strategies that the teacher uses to encourage classroom participation include using small groups and clarifying expectations Example. The focus of the interviews was nine purposively selected participants E. When feu or more singular noun or pronouns are connected by for" or "nor", use a singular vert Example: The chairperson or the CEO apgroes, the proposat before proceeding 6. **When a compound subject contains both singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by "or" or "nor", the verb should ag with the part of the subject that is closest to the verb. This is also called rule of proximity** Example The student or the committee mernbers write every day Example. The committee members or the students weites every day. 7. **The words and phrases "each," "sach one," "either," "neither," "everyone," "everybody," "anyone," "anybody," "nobody," "somebody," "someone," and "no one" are singular and require a singular verb** Example: Each of the participants was willing to be recorded. Example: Neither alternative hypothesis was accepted 8. **Noncount nouns take a singular verb.** Example: Education is the key to success. Example: Diabetes affects many people around the world. Example: The information obtained form the business owners was relevant to include in the study. 9. **Some countable nouns in English such as eaming, goods, odds, surroundings, proceeds, contents, and valuables only have a plural form and take a plural verb.** Example: The earnings for this quarter exceed expectations Example: The proceeds from the sale go to support the homeless population in the city 10. **In sentences beginning with "there is" or "there are", the subject follows the verb. Since "there" is not a subject, the verb agrees with what follows the verb.** Example: There is little administrative support. Example: There are many factors affecting teacher retention. 11. **Collective nouns are the words that imply more than one person but are considered singular and take a singular verb. Some examples are "group," "team," "committee," "family," and "class."** Example: The group meets every week. Example: The committee agrees on the quality of the writing -Lesson 7 **Sentence**- is the largest independent unit of grammar, start with capital letter and ends with period/stences from the latin word "to feel" /group of words expresses a complete idea. *4 Type s of sentences* **Declarative** sentences- true to it's name/declares something/ subj. And predicate/ expresses active phases Ex. Simple declarative- lily loves gardening **Compound declarative**- Lily loves gardening but her husband hates weeding. **Interrogative sentence-** as k question, opposed statement to make statement/ marked by inversion of subject and predicate.it ends with question mark **Imperative**- give advise or instructions, also know as directives Example: A request: Pack enough clothing for the cruise. An Invitation: Come by at 8, please. A **command**: Raise your hands and tum around. An **instruction**: Tum left at the intersection. **Exclamatory** -- type of main clause expresses strong feeling Ex. No way! That's excellent! Types of Sentence Structures The four (4) basic sentence structures are the: 1. **Simple Sentence**-a sentence with only one independent clause. Example: The suspect ran. 2. **Compound Sentence** Two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction or an appropriate mark of punctuation. Example: The suspect ran, and he left the knife at the crime scene 3. **Complex Sentence** a sentence that contains an independent clause (or main clause) and atleast one dependent clause. Example: Although the suspect ran after committing the crime, she was caught by the responding police officers. 4. **Compound-complex Sentence**- a sentence with two or more independent clauses and atleast one dependent clause. Example: With a heavy heart, they announced the victim dead on arrival to her family, and they promised to bring the suspect to justice. **Active and Passive Voice** Voice refers to the form of a verb that indicates when a grammar subject Performs the action or is the receiver of the action. When a sentence is written in the active voice, the subject performs the action (Hunter College, n.d.) Active Voice- the sentence's subject performs the action (Kramer, 2023) Example: The victim calls for help. **Passive Voice**-the action's target is the focus, and the verb acts upon the subject. The subject is acted upon by the verb. Example: Help was called by the victim. -Lesson 8 **Paragraph**- medium sized units of writing,longer than sentences/connect small ideas to bigger ideas/. Consists one or more sentences,organizing long pieces of writing such as novels,papers... Elements of paragraph **Unity**- most important principles of paragraph, a reader quickly loses direction,a reader is feeling secure that the writer is in control. **Coherence**- easily understandable to the reader,create coherence in paragraph by creating logical and verbal bridges. **Logical bridges**- same idea of the topic carried over to sentences to sentences.construct parallel form **Verbal bidges**- key words can be in previous sentences Several logical orders in which coherence can be established: **Chronological Order**- it is done in such ways like narrating experiences, summarizing the steps in the process and explaining events and movements Villanueva, 2013) **Spatial Order**- can be established through the arrangements of visual details in some consistent sequences susch as from left to right, east to west, near or distant and vice versa (Villanueva, 2013). **Inductive Order**- it is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement (Villanueva, 2013) **Deductive Order-** it is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself (Villanueva, 2013). C.. Emphasis **Emphasis** is the principle of the paragraph composition in which the important ideas are made to stand. In here it is very important that the main poitns of the writer should be evident inside the paragraph, means that the idea should be made to stand from the rest of the elements inside the paragraph ( Note: the above mentioned pointers na wala sa pinag aralan natin, meaning galing siya pre-test, hence im giving you an idea kung ano yung mga lalabas sa CWE. Please magbasa and unawain ang mga binasa😚 GOODLUCK!❤️