Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells - TD MTT2 PDF

# Saad Dahlab University ## Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences ### First Semester # Module of Methodology ## TD MTT2 # Differences Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell The cell is the fundamental unit of life. All the life activities are carried out by cells. The organisms can be classified based...

# Saad Dahlab University ## Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences ### First Semester # Module of Methodology ## TD MTT2 # Differences Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell The cell is the fundamental unit of life. All the life activities are carried out by cells. The organisms can be classified based on the number of cells present in them. Unicellular organisms are single-celled, while multicellular organisms have a large number of cells. Unicellular organisms are believed to be one of the earliest forms of life on earth. Eventually, more complex multicellular organisms evolved from these unicellular life forms over the aeons. Multicellular organisms have specialized cells with complicated cell organelles, which unicellular organisms typically lack. In an ecosystem, plants have the role of producers, while animals have taken the role of consumers. Hence, their daily activities and functions vary, and so does their cell structure. Cell structure and organelles vary in plants and animals, and are primarily classified based on their function. The difference in their cell composition is the reason behind the difference between plant and animal cells. Each cell organelle has a particular function to perform. Some of the cell organelles are present in both plant cells and animal cells, while others are unique to just one of them. Most of the earth's higher organisms are eukaryotes, including all plants and animals. Hence, these cells share some similarities typically associated with eukaryotes. For example, all eukaryotic cells consist of a nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, peroxisomes, mitochondria, ribosomes and other cell organelles. # Conclusion Both plant and animal cells comprise membrane-bound organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The plant cell can also be larger than the animal cell. The normal range of the animal cell varies from about 10 - 30 micrometres and that of plant cell range between 10 - 100 micrometres. Plant cells are the fundamental building blocks of plant life, performing all of the processes required for survival. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into food. It occurs in the cell's chloroplasts. The following are some examples of specialized plant cells: 1. **Collenchyma Cells:** Collenchyma cells are made up of elongated living cells with irregular main thick walls. 2. **Sclerenchyma Cells:** The cells of the sclerenchyma are stiffer. They are the primary sustaining cells in plant regions that have stopped developing. 3. **Parenchyma Cells:** The simple permanent ground tissues that make up the majority of plant tissues, such as the soft component of leaves, fruit pulp, and other plant organs, are known as parenchyma. They are present in leaves and perform photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and metabolic processes. 4. **Xylem Cells:** This tissue aids in the transfer of dissolved chemicals and water throughout the plant. 5. **Phloem Cells:** It delivers nutrients produced by photosynthesis to all areas of the plant. # Comprehension 1. Read the text carefully and answer the following questions * a-Give the general idea of the text then provide a suitable title. * Q1. Which cell organelles are present only in plant cell and absent in animals cell? * Q2. How do plant cells and animal cells differ with respect to their shape? * Q3. Why are plant cells generally larger in size compared to the animal cells?