HSG 8 PDF - Word Analysis 1

## Unit 1 ### Word analysis 1 **A. Verb Expressions** Make - Refers to creative/productive processes - build/assemble: a house, a factory a table - produce/create: a cake, a meal, trouble - achieve: progress, changes - express: a sound, a statement - force: sb to do sth - Mak...

## Unit 1 ### Word analysis 1 **A. Verb Expressions** Make - Refers to creative/productive processes - build/assemble: a house, a factory a table - produce/create: a cake, a meal, trouble - achieve: progress, changes - express: a sound, a statement - force: sb to do sth - Make head or tail of sth: understand sth - This composition is full of mistakes; I can't make head or tail of it. - Make a meal of: exaggerate, spend too much time or effort on - Don't make a meal of something so simple. - Make amends: make a bad situation better - He'll never make amends for the terrible things he said to her last night. - Make provision for: be prepared for - Jack died last month but fortunately he had made provision for his wife and children. - Make ends meet: keep money under control/have enough money to live on - He had to find a second job in order to make ends meet. - Make up for lost time: not waste any more time/compensate for lost time - After his illness he had to work hard to make up for lost time. **Phrases - Expressions** | Phrase | Expression | |---|---| | make a profit/loss | make a recovery/living | | make a/any difference | make a(n) effort/choice | | make a good impression | make a speech/point | | make a(n) apology/remark | make (a) reference to | | make a(n) excuse/complain | make a(n) offer/mistake | | make light of: | not treat sth as seriously as you should | - He made light of my anxiety over the exam and told me not to worry about it. | make allowances for: | consider (=take into consideration) | - You'll have to make allowances for him because he is new at the job. | make the most of: | use to the best advantage | - Let's make the most of this beautiful day and go to the beach. | make do (with sth): | manage with something that is not really satisfactory | - We don't have time for lunch so we'll have to make do with a quick snack. | make sense of sth: | understand sth that is difficult or has no clear meaning. | - Can you make sense of his note? **B. Prepositional Phrases** **(Be) in Expressions (I)** - I have always been a bit _in_ my grandfather and now I am _in_ him, too. - He wanted me to go to university, which I know was _in_ my future, but at that time ... - ... and at first I refused. For one thing I was _in_ a couple of people who were not very trustworthy. However, it was _in_ my visits to him that I realized he was right so I followed his advice and I think I made _in_ a success of my life. When I told him all this, he was deeply moved and said it was wonderful to feel so important. **C. Prepositions** - on behalf of - at the thought of - in comparison to - in the interest of - with the exception of - in lieu of (instead of) - in view of - in connection with - by process of - by means of - in charge of - in addition to **D. Phrasal Verbs** - back down: yield in argument - ask after: inquire about (emphasis on their well-being) - break off: stop talking - add up: make sense - bear out: confirm the truth - call off: cancel - come down to: be, in the end, a matter of - carry out: perform, do - come up against: meet with - count on: rely on **E. Idioms - Expressions** **Body Parts (I)** **Hand** - be an old hand: be experienced at - get out of hand: get out of control - give sb a big hand: applaud sb a lot - at the hands of: experience (usually unpleasant) treatment from sb **Heart** - with a heavy heart: sadly - take sth to heart: be upset/influenced by - set one's heart on: desire strongly/be determined to - win the hearts and minds of: win the support of, become very popular with **Head** - be over one's head: be difficult to understand - keep/lose one's head: remain calm/panic - get sth into/out of one's head: begin/stop believing sth, remember/forget sth **Eye** - see eye to eye: agree - catch sb's eye: catch sb's attention - keep an eye on sb/sth: watch, look after - (never) set eyes on sb/sth: never see before/see (emphatic) - bring matters to a head: bring matters to a climax **Additional expressions** | Expression | Meaning | |---|---| | cost an arm and a leg | cost a lot of money | | not have a leg to stand on | have no good reason to support one's argument | | keep at arm's length | keep at a certain distance | | give sb the cold shoulder | ignore sb | | put one's finger on sth | identify correctly | | stick out like a sore thumb | be very obvious | | be up to one's neck (with) | be very occupied, busy | | half-heartedly | without much enthusiasm | | be hot headed | lose one's temper quickly | | cut-throat competition | fierce, ruthless competition | | jump out of one's skin | jump with fear | | in the lap of luxury | in great comfort | **F. Collocations** | Word | Collocation | |---|---| | false | address, teeth, passport, start, alarm, information | | artificial | flowers, jewelry, light, flavour, limp | | fake | money, jewelry, passport, fur | | mock | battle, exam, sympathy, horror, execution | | counterfeit | money, passport | ### Exam Practice II **1. Transformations** 1. I can't **make head or tail of** what he's talking about. 2. **Don't take it lightly**, this is serious. 3. I took an aspirin for my toothache **but it didn't do the trick** at all. 4. He **makes a living by** doing up old cars and selling them. 5. **Let's make the most** of our last three days of holiday and go somewhere. 6. His job is very poorly paid. He **can't make ends meet** on the money. 7. I want them to think I am really good. **I want to make a good impression** on them. 8. It's a quick and simple job; why do you **make a meal of** it? **2. Open Cloze Test** In the course **of** my travels, I have found myself **in** deep trouble after being forced to leave their homes. Due to local wars much of the world is **in** trouble and we must act. In **this situation**, of four million people are depending on us to save their lives. In **the end**, the place **for** simply expressing our disapproval we should do something concrete. In the **interest of** world peace and stability this problem has to be faced, and we should be indebted to those who are doing their best now. Let's hope future efforts will be not **in vain.** **3. Fill In With the Correct Preposition** 1. Who's **in charge of** the accounts here? 2. He succeeded **by means of** hard work. 3. **In** view of his disability, he retired. 4. No one, **with the exception of** Jack, agreed. 5. They gave me a check **in lieu** of cash. 6. He was cremated **in accordance with** his will. 7. **In the interest** of safety, do not smoke here. 8. **Behalf** all here, thank you. **4. Fill In With the Correct Phrasal Verb** - Add up - Break off - Come down to - Back down - Ask after - Come up against - Call off - Count on - Bear out - Carry out 1. His version of events simply doesn't **add up.** 2. Jake was very kind and **asked after** my father's health. 3. Daniel can **count on** my story because he was with me. 4. I'm afraid we'll have to **call off** the birthday party until Terry's better. 5. I'll find the money, even if it **comes down to** selling the house. **5. Fill in with the Correct Word to Form a Collocation** Counterfeit - Fake - Artificial - False - Mock 1. The documents proved to be **false**. 2. The film crew staged a **mock** battle. 3. That's not a real Rolex watch. It's a **fake**. 4. Operations to fit **artificial** hips are common. 5. We have made it significantly more difficult for them to **counterfeit** this document. **6. Choose the Correct Answer** 1. My brother and I just don't **see eye to eye**. 2. When my parents were away, I had to **keep a loose head on** in work at the moment. We've never been so busy. 3. We are **up to our necks** in the children. 4. The party leader hopes to win the **hearts and minds** of the people. 5. There's something missing from this room but I can't **put my finger on** what it is. 6. The arrival of the three gunboats brought **matters to a head**. 7. A beautiful porcelain vase in the display case **caught my eye**. 8. These shoes cost me **an arm and a leg** so I hope they are comfortable. 9. She had to file for bankruptcy because she was **in deep debt** and could not pay back her loans. 10. The children were **in awe of** the magician and watched his tricks with wonder and admiration. 11. He tried to persuade her to change her mind, but it was **in vain** when she pretended to be surprised by the party. 12. She acted **in character** when she pretended to be surprised by the party. ### Word Analysis 2 **A. Confusing/Related Words** - Speak - Speech - Remark - Say - Talk - Chatter - Word - Gossip - Phrase - Rumour **Study The Phrases below and Fill in the correct form** - Say a lot about: show that a person has certain qualities (here used sarcastically) - From the word go: right from the start - Deliver a speech: make a speech - Persistent rumours: rumours that go on for a long time - Remark on the fact that: mention, talk about - Talk of the town: everyone is talking about it - Speak at great length: talk about for a long time - Gossip columnist: person who writes about private lives of famous people - Coin a phrase: use a well-known expression - Idle chatter: unimportant talk **Rocky's Oscar Night** I knew would be a night to remember. Rocky Hunk **_talked_** about his Oscar acceptance speech in which he claimed he should have won an Oscar years before, which **_said_** a lot about his supposed modesty. He **_remarked_** that his latest film was the **_word_** and denied that he had stolen ideas from his friend and rival Steve Bicep. However, the **_rumours_** are unlikely to let up on their attacks and **_gossip_**... , Rocky was over the moon about his award and wasn't going to let **_idle chatter_** spoil his evening. **Speak** - speak for sb - speak for itself - speak well of - nothing to speak of **Speech** - impaired speech - figure of speech - maiden speech **Remark** - make a remark **Say (v/n)** - say to oneself - have your say - you don't say - have a say in sth - you can say that again **Talk** - talk sense - talk out of - small talk **Chatter** - chatter of teeth - incessant chatter - chatterbox **Word** - have a word with - words of a song - word of warning - give your word - eat your words **Gossip** - spread gossip - gossip-monger **Phrase** - turn of phrase - phrase sth differently **Rumour** - rumoured to be spread - spread rumours - rumour has it **B. Lexical Sets** - accumulate: collect more and more - stack: carefully arrange in piles - amass: collect/increase over a long period - build up: increase - pile up: place one on top of the other **To Collect** - gather: collect into a mass - stockpile: store goods/weapons - pick: choose from a number/group - run up: allow to increase - assemble: come together in a large group