Unit 1: System Approach to the Human Body PDF

UNIT 1 System Approach to the Human Body  Anatomy  Definition: art of studying the different parts of any organized body  Etymology:  Physiology  Definition: branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of...

UNIT 1 System Approach to the Human Body  Anatomy  Definition: art of studying the different parts of any organized body  Etymology:  Physiology  Definition: branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved  Etymology:  Anatomical nomenclature  Definition: a standardized language for describing and naming parts of the body  Example: anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, etc.  Branches of anatomy  Gross anatomy: The study of the macroscopic parts of the body that can be seen without magnification  Microscopic anatomy: The study of the body's smallest structures, such as cells, tissues, and molecules, using microscopes  Embryology: The study of the development of vertebrate animals before birth or hatching  Living anatomy: The study of living human beings  Surface anatomy: The study of the anatomy of the body's surface structures  Clinical anatomy: The application of anatomical knowledge in the medical field  Branches of physiology  Exercise physiology: Uses knowledge of how the body works to identify the causes of pain and dysfunction, and to recommend exercise programs for rehabilitation.  Respiratory physiology: Studies the process of respiration, which is the delivery of oxygen from the environment to cells.  Human physiology: Studies how organs, cells, muscles, and bio-molecules work together and interact.  Neurophysiology: Studies the function of the nervous system using electrophysiological recordings.  Comparative physiology: Studies the functional properties of different types of organisms, and is linked to evolutionary and environmental physiology.  Defense physiology: Studies the changes that occur in response to a potential threat, such as the fight-or-flight response.