SURG100 Finals Study Guide.pdf

1) Which physiological response to environmental temperature changes is missing or undeveloped in an infant of less than 6 months of age? Answer: shivering 2) Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of which body system? Answer: endocrine 3) In what way can the surgical technolog...

1) Which physiological response to environmental temperature changes is missing or undeveloped in an infant of less than 6 months of age? Answer: shivering 2) Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of which body system? Answer: endocrine 3) In what way can the surgical technologist who is setting up the back table and Mayo stand reduce an 18-month old patient's anxiety prior to induction of anesthesia? Answer: perform normal duties of preparation of the sterile field, keeping as quiet as possible for induction 4) What is the MOST common type of shock seen in infants and children? Answer: Septic 5) An emergency laparotomy would be the indicated treatment for all of the following post-operative bariatric surgery complications EXCEPT: Answer: thrombophlebitis 6) What is a common potential side effect of all forms of antibiotic therapy for major pediatric infections? Answer: pseudomembranous enterocolitis 7) Overgrowth of which microorganism is most likely responsible for pediatric cases of enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy? Answer: Clostridium difficle 8) What is the number one cause of death in children ages 1 to 15 in the United States? Answer: Accidents 9) A patient undergoing bariatric surgery may require extra time for general anesthetic reversal because anesthetic agents may be accumulated in and slowly eliminated from what type of tissue? Answer: adipose fat 10) What is a coping mechanism often seen in children reacting to trauma? Answer: Regression 11) Which of the following is a common response of pediatric patients to injury and may result in gastric dilatation? Answer: hyperventilation 12) Which organ is responsible for the failure to produce insulin in a patient with Type I diabetes? Answer: pancreas 13) Which classification of antibiotics is contraindicated fo ruse in neonates due to increased incidence of kernicterus? Answer: sulfonamides 14) Which position enhances a bariatric patient's total lung volume and aids in ventilation? Answer: reverse Trendelenburg 15) Bariatric patients undergoing surgery and in the immediate postoperative period should have sequential compression devices applied to the lower extremities to prevent: Answer: deep vein thrombosis 16) What type of physiological measurement method is rarely done in a neonatal patient due to risk of anatomical trauma? Answer: urethral catheterization for urinary output 17) What other condition frequently suffered by obese patients and discovered intraoperatively may be treated surgically in conjunction with a bariatric procedure? Answer: cholelithiasis 18) What is the name of the device used to test the blood of patients with diabetes for metabolic status? Answer: glucometer 19) Which of the following is the major cause of serious trauma suffered by pediatric patients? Answer: motor vehicle accidents 20) What is the usual cause of a clavicular fracture of a neonate during vaginal delivery? Answer: shoulder dystocia 21) What is the chemical and physiological classifications of insulin? Answer: hormone 22) Multiple sclerosis, lupus, erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of: Answer: autoimmune diseases 23) Which patient condition might be characterized by physical appearance of flat nasal bridge and short neck with some impairment of cognitive ability and growth, slower speech, and an affectionate or clingy persona? Answer: Down syndrome 24) For which condition would a patient coming to the operating room likely need an interpreter? Answer: complete deafness 25) For which type of transmission based disease would health care workers need to be fitted for an N-95 respirator mask? Answer: Airborne 26) All of the following national agencies have regulations or protocols for health care workers who may be exposed to infectious diseases in their work environment EXCEPT: Answer: NFPA 27) For which special patient population group would the help of a counselor or social worker who could communicate the current state of mind of mind or mood of the patient or the OR staff be of benefit to all the parties involved? Answer: substance abuse 28) What is the term for the mechanism of injury in a trauma patient that takes into account velocity of the injuring force, flexibility of the tissue, and shape of the injuring force? Answer: kinematics 29) Which level of trauma center designation can meet all the needs required for treating patients on a 24- hour basis? Answer: Level I 30) Which of the following activities would present no risk of contracting HIV from an infected individual? Answer: conversation in close proximity 31) Kaposi's sarcoma is sometimes seen in combination with which of the following diseases? Answer: AIDS 32) Because of the types of drugs used to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, the recipient patient is considered to have which of the following? Answer: immunosuppressed status 33) Which organ is MOST often injured in motor vehicle accidents? Answer: Spleen 34) The term golden hour refers to reduction of morbidity and mortality of which type of patient population? Answer: trauma victims 35) Physical forces of deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing are factors in which type of injuries? Answer: Blunt 36) High or low velocity projectiles are factors in which type of injuries? Answer: penetrating 37) During a surgical procedure on a pregnant patient, the surgical technologist in the scrub role may be asked to palpate what area to detect possible contractions? Answer: gravid uterus 38) A patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus may have complications of multiple infections from diseases considered to be: Answer: opportunistic 39) In which pediatric age group would all of the craniofacial sinuses be fully developed? Answer: adolescent 40) Which anesthetic method helps reduce the anxiety and stress experienced by pediatric surgical patients? Answer: rapid induction 41) Which body system is highly susceptible to injury during positioning of bariatric and geriatric patients? Answer: integumentary 42) Vomiting from preoperative narcotics can predispose patients with diabetes to fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting in? Answer: hypoglycemia 43) Which diagnosis could create a social stigma and possible over dramatization of exposure risk by health care workers? Answer: human immunodeficiency virus 44) Conditions such as severe arthritis, contractures, and tremors are categorized under which type of challenge? Answer: Physical 45) Which special patient population group has a 30% to 80% statistical likelihood of coexisting psychiatric illness in addition to the diagnosis for which they are coming to surgery? Answer: Substance abuse 46) In a surgical procedure on a severely injured trauma patient, which of the following measures is of utmost importance? Answer: keeping the patient's spine in alignment during changes in position 47) A surgical technologist working in a Veteran's Administration facility might frequently encounter patients with which of the following conditions? Answer: PTSD 48) Pediatric patients require and enhanced team focus on the physiological needs in a more dramatic way than any other age group. Answer: True 49) In many cases, for all age populations, pulse oximetry has replaced arterial blood gases as the routine method of monitoring blood oxygenation, due to tits low cost, ease, and decreased potential for infection. Answer: True 50) Wound healing in bariatric surgery patients is enhanced due to the increased vascularity of adipose tissue. Answer: False 51) Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common postoperative complication in patients with diabetes due to the increased perfusion of affected tissues. Answer: False 52) Patients with developmental delays may suffer cognitive disabilities, but may also exhibit normal intelligence. Answer: True 53) What are the different types of monitories of the sterilization process? Answer: Mechanical, Chemical, Biological 54) Internal chemical indicator/integrators should be placed in the center or most challenging portion of a tray for the sterilant to reach. Answer: True 55) In steam sterilization, thermal destruction of microbes is the result of the denaturation and coagulation of protein within the cells. Answer: True 56) The relative humidity in an ethylene oxide sterilizer should be below 30% to aid in the penetration of the gas through bacterial spores' protective coating. Answer: False 57) Gravity displacement steam sterilizer cycles are much shorter than pre vacuum cycles. Answer: False 58) Sterilization process monitors include mechanical, chemical, and biological methods to ensure all parameters were met. Answer: True 59) type of dating system that denotes the number of the calendar day in 1 through 365/366 Answer: Julian Date 60) What is the term used to describe the process of removing all soiled linen, waste, and instruments from the room and cleaning of furniture, floors, or other contaminated surfaces in preparation for opening new supplies for a subsequent case? Answer: Turn Over 61) Where should the biological test pack be placed on the steam sterilization cart for the first run of the day? Answer: bottom rack, front of sterilizer, over the drain 62) What is the type of process the ultrasonic cleaner uses to dislodge minute particles of soil and organic debris? Answer: Cavatation 63) What is the term for inanimate objects that harbor microorganisms that contribute to environmental contamination? Answer: Fomites 64) Which of the following cleaning methods for surgical instrumentation relies on bubbles imploding, creating a vacuum that dislodges minute particles in crevices of instruments? Answer: Ultrasonic Cleaner 65) During manual cleaning of surgical instruments, what type of solution should be used? Answer: lukewarm water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with neutral pH 66) What is the term for the process of lubricating stiffened stainless steel surgical instruments by immersion in a water-soluble solution? Answer: Milking 67) Why are items disinfected or sterilized in activated glutaraldehyde dried prior to submersion? Answer: Moisture will eventually dilute the concentration to ineffective levels. 68) Which of the following chemicals is a high-level disinfectant when items are immersed for 20 to 30 minutes and a sterilant if items remain immersed for 10 hours? Answer: glutaraldehyde 69) Cidex™ is the trade name for which of the following methods of sterilization? Answer: glutaraldehyde 70) Which of the following would be appropriate for use on animate surfaces? Answer: antiseptic 71) When nested basin sets are being sterilized, how should they be placed in the steam sterilizer? Answer: fold side down with a towel used to separate them 72) Which type of chemical solution is made of calluses that aid in breakdown of debris such as blood and fat? Answer: Enzymatic solution 73) What is a potential risk of placing surgical instruments of dissimilar metallic type together in a washer sterilizer cycle? Answer: electrolytic conduction reaction 74) What is the term for the condition of a surgical technologist’s skin after performing a surgical scrub? Answer: Surgically clean 75) Which type of packaging system has filters and removable locking devices? Answer: Rigid Containers 76) Why are instruments placed in perforated or mesh-bottom trays for sterilization? Answer: penetration of sterilant 77) Which part of the instrument reprocessing cycle is performed intraoperatively? Answer: wiping with sterile water 78) Sterilely attired surgical team members should pass one another in any of the following ways EXCEPT: Answer: front to back 79) Before opening any sterilely packaged item, what is MOST important to verify about the package? Answer: integrity of package 80) Which method of sterilization uses gamma rays or beta particles and is chiefly used by large manufacturing companies? Answer: ionizing radiation 81) What is the relationship of steam pressure to temperature in a steam sterilizer? Answer: Increased pressure increases temperature. 82) Which of the following should NEVER be processed by immediate-use (flash) sterilization methods? Answer: implantable devices 83) Which sterilization method is most commonly used, safest, least expensive, and appropriate for the majority of surgical instruments? Answer: saturated steam 84) Which of the following is the MOST important factor in a surgical technologist’s role in preventing surgical site infections? Answer: strict surgical conscience 85) The Steri's system uses ______ acid Answer: Peracetic 86) Personnel in CSPD who must move instruments from the ethylene oxide sterilizer to an aeration room should do which of the following with the cart to reduce their exposure to vented gases? Answer: pull it 87) What is the weight that AAMI has recommended instrument sets should NOT exceed? Answer: 25 Pounds 88) The physical or chemical process by which all living microorganisms, including spores, are killed is: Answer: Sterilization 89) What term refers to a barrier, such as plastic-backed table cover, that does NOT allow for passage of liquid through it? Answer: impervious 90) Which of the following is NOT a potential risk from administration of general anesthesia to a pregnant patient? Answer: placenta previa 91) Why are large steam sterilizers loaded with space between wrapped items or trays? Answer: It allows adequate circulation and penetration of steam to all surfaces. 92) What is the common name for the high-level disinfectant sodium hypochlorite? Answer: Bleach 93) The recommended biological indicator (BI) for hydrogen peroxide gas plasma is: Answer: Bacillus atrophaeus 94) Which type of surgical instrument must NEVER be immersed in any type of mechanical decontaminating equipment? Answer: powered 95) The Bowie-Dick test is performed for which sterilization method? Answer: prevacuum air removal steam 96) What is the advantage of using ethylene oxide gas sterilization? Answer: safe for heat and moisture sensitive items 97) Which of the following patient care items would be classified as noncritical? Answer: pulse oximeters 98) All of the following are environmental specifications for the decontamination room in CSPD EXCEPT: Answer: positive air pressure maintained 99) Contamination caused by passage of microorganisms through a sterilized package by way of moisture wicking is termed: Answer: Strike Through 100) Which kind of quality control device consists of a paper that has been impregnated with a dye that changes color in the presence of a specified temperature and sterilant? Answer: Chemical Indicator 101) Which of the following diseases is NOT a form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy? Answer: Toxic Shock