Supplements and Ergogenic Aids PDF

Project/ ppt(Hint) Supplements and Ergogenic Aids Introduction  The use of dietary supplements (DS) in sport is widespread.  However, UK Sport, other sporting authorities including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA) advise athletes n...

Project/ ppt(Hint) Supplements and Ergogenic Aids Introduction  The use of dietary supplements (DS) in sport is widespread.  However, UK Sport, other sporting authorities including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA) advise athletes not to take supplements due to the associated risks  sports authorities and organizations (e.g. FIFA, ACSM) also recommend that ‘athletes should ensure they have a good diet before contemplating supplement use’  US Olympic committee (USOC) states that:  ‘the use of supplements is appropriate only in conjunction with a good diet.  Dietary evaluation should be made by a qualified health professional and food intake patterns should be adjusted if necessary  Supplementation may be considered if the diet cannot be adjusted” What are dietary supplements?  The Oxford English Dictionary definition of a supplement is ‘ ‘Something added to supply a deficiency’  According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): “A dietary supplements is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet and bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, a herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by humans to supplement the diet by increasing its total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of these ingredients’.  European Food Safety Authority EFSA states that: ‘Supplements may be used to correct nutritional deficiencies or maintain an adequate intake of certain nutrients. However, in some cases excessive intake of vitamins and minerals may be harmful or cause unwanted side effects; therefore, maximum levels are necessary to ensure their safe use in food supplements’.  The European commission has established harmonized rules to help ensure that food supplements are safe and properly labelled  Legislation differs across countries Prevalence of dietary supplement use  Usage among all types of athletes with different backgrounds  Two main sports with maximum athletes using supplements  Strength exercise  power sports  Prevalence among different countries Countries prevalence Thailand 1% France 25% Germany 25% Northern Irelend 39% Great Britain 42% Ireland 44% USA 56% Croatia 64% Serbia 70% Common sports nutrition supplements  Among 32 studies reviewed in 1994, multivitamins were the most popular DS, followed by vitamin C, iron and B vitamins  Recent study in UK states  Most common DS were multivitamins (73%)  vitamin C (71%)  creatine (36%)  whey protein (32%)  echinacea (31%)  Iron (30%),  caffeine (24%),  magnesium (11%)  ginseng (30 g) due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal distress that could be detrimental to exercise performance Risks and benefits of dietary supplements  Health risks of dietary supplements  Foods these days are already fortified, supplementation should be taken carefully  Special consideration for people with diseases  Low protein in diabetics  Sodium restrictions in hypertension  Some condition contradict the use of caffeine Contamination, fake and doping  Elite athletes are held responsible for any prohibited substances found in their system (strict liability)  DS frequently contain one or more different products, which are banned by WADA.  For example, in 1996, prohormones (anabolic androgenic steroids) became popular in the US dietary supplement market, but belong to the class of anabolic agents and so are banned by WADA.  Studies showed, many DS are mislabeled, demonstrating insufficient quality control in the production process  For example sibutramine is a drug, banned by WADA, is still present in many dietary supplements  Not declared on labels, products cause positive dope test  Available in form of teas, capsules.  Consumers of DS should be aware that if a product offers enormous benefit on performance, increased muscle mass or weight loss, it might be faked or contaminated with a prescriptive drug or even illegal substance,  Can cause a positive doping case or serious side effects. Placebo effect of dietary supplements  A relationship between performance status and placebo response might exist;  A positive belief into a product can increase performance while a negative belief can decrease performance;  The placebo effect observed is different if an active substance is given and belief is manipulated versus THANK YOU