Summary: Criminal Trials in Lebanese Law (Part 1) PDF

Summary: Criminal Trials in the Lebanese Law (Part 1) ===================================================== Introduction ------------ The Lebanese criminal justice system, influenced by various legal frameworks, requires an in-depth understanding of crime classifications, judicial authorities, and...

Summary: Criminal Trials in the Lebanese Law (Part 1) ===================================================== Introduction ------------ The Lebanese criminal justice system, influenced by various legal frameworks, requires an in-depth understanding of crime classifications, judicial authorities, and the distinction between common law lawsuits and personal right lawsuits. Classification of Crimes ------------------------ Crimes are categorized under the Penal Code (Legislative Decree 340, 1943) and the Code of Criminal Procedures (Law 328, 2001) as felonies, misdemeanors, or violations. Each category determines severity and penalties. \- Felonies: Severe crimes like murder, armed robbery, or drug trafficking. Sanctions range from 3--15 years, and in severe cases, the death penalty. \- Misdemeanors: Lesser crimes like theft, assault, or reckless driving. Sanctions are 10 days to less than 3 years. \- Violations: Minor infractions such as traffic offenses, typically resulting in fines or imprisonment under 10 days. Judicial Authorities -------------------- Lebanon's judicial system is structured into several courts: \- Single Criminal Judges handle misdemeanors and minor cases. Public prosecutors are absent here. \- Courts of Appeal review trial decisions and involve public prosecutors. \- Court of Cassation oversees major cases and represents the highest judicial authority. Role of Public Prosecution -------------------------- Public prosecution initiates and supervises the common right lawsuits. This office operates under a clear hierarchy from the Minister of Justice to the Prosecutor General at the Court of Cassation. Common vs. Personal Lawsuits ---------------------------- \- Common Right Lawsuit (دعوى الحق العام): Managed by the Public Prosecution, it addresses public interest and justice. \- Personal Right Lawsuit (دعوى الحق الشخصي): Filed by individuals directly affected by a crime, either alongside or independently of a common right lawsuit. Judicial Process Example ------------------------ The process involves investigation, prosecution, trial, and sentencing. \- Example: In a felony, the investigating judge conducts detailed investigations, examines witnesses, and transfers the case to higher courts. Key Takeaway ------------ Lebanon's criminal justice system balances crime severity, ensures fairness through a structured judicial hierarchy, and protects individual rights through personal lawsuits. Arabic Keywords --------------- دعوى الحق العام (Common Right Lawsuit) دعوى الحق الشخصي (Personal Right Lawsuit)