Criminal Trials in Lebanese Law

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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a felony?

  • Theft
  • Murder (correct)
  • Trespassing
  • Vandalism

The death penalty can be a sanction for felonies in severe cases.

True (A)

What is the minimum sanction period for felonies?

3 years

Felonies are classified as severe crimes such as _______ or armed robbery.

<p>murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following felonies with their severity description:

<p>Murder = Severe crime Armed robbery = Severe crime Drug trafficking = Severe crime Theft = Less severe crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories of crimes is NOT recognized under the Penal Code?

<p>Infractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crimes are classified only under the Penal Code.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main categories of crimes as defined by the Penal Code?

<p>Felonies, misdemeanors, and violations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Penal Code, crimes are classified as felonies, misdemeanors, and ________.

<p>violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories of crime with their definitions:

<p>Felonies = Serious offenses typically punishable by imprisonment for over one year Misdemeanors = Less serious offenses often punishable by fines or less than one year in jail Violations = Minor offenses usually resulting in a penalty like a fine or community service</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a misdemeanor?

<p>Theft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Court of Cassation?

<p>Oversee major cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Violations typically result in imprisonment of more than 10 days.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum sanction for a misdemeanor?

<p>Less than 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Courts of Appeal primarily focus on overseeing major cases and represent the highest judicial authority.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Minor infractions are referred to as __________.

<p>violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prosecutors are involved in Courts of Appeal?

<p>Public prosecutors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Court of Cassation represents the ______ judicial authority.

<p>highest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

<p>Misdemeanors = Lesser crimes with sanctions from 10 days to less than 3 years Violations = Minor infractions typically resulting in fines Sanctions = Consequences for criminal behavior Crimes = Acts that violate laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following courts with their functions:

<p>Courts of Appeal = Review trial decisions Court of Cassation = Oversee major cases Public Prosecutors = Involved in Appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest position in the office hierarchy mentioned?

<p>Minister of Justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Prosecutor General is positioned above the Minister of Justice in the office hierarchy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is directly at the top of the hierarchy in this office structure?

<p>Minister of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hierarchy in this office operates from the Minister of Justice to the __________.

<p>Prosecutor General</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following positions with their respective roles in the hierarchy:

<p>Minister of Justice = Top position in the hierarchy Prosecutor General = Head of prosecution at the Court of Cassation Court of Cassation = Highest court in the legal system Hierarchy = Organizational structure of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lawsuit is managed by the Public Prosecution?

<p>Common Right Lawsuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Common Right Lawsuit addresses individual rights and private interests.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who manages Common Right Lawsuits?

<p>Public Prosecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Common Right Lawsuit addresses _____ interest and justice.

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of lawsuit with its focus:

<p>Common Right Lawsuit = Public interest and justice Personal Lawsuit = Private disputes Criminal Lawsuit = Offenses against the state Civil Lawsuit = Compensation for harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Felonies

Serious crimes with severe punishments, often involving prison sentences.

Misdemeanors

Less serious offenses than felonies, carrying lighter penalties like fines or community service.

Violations

The least serious category of crimes, usually resulting in fines or warnings.

Penal Code

A standardized collection of laws that define crimes and their punishments.

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Code of Criminal Procedures

A set of procedures governing criminal investigations and prosecutions.

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Sanctions

The actions taken against someone who has committed a crime. This can vary in severity depending on the crime.

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Death Penalty

The legal process of killing someone convicted of a crime. This is the most severe punishment for a felony.

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Examples of Felonies

Crimes like murder, robbery, or drug sales. These crimes are considered the most harmful and are punished most severely.

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Felony Sentence Range

The range of years someone could be imprisoned for a felony. This varies based on the severity of the crime.

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Misdemeanor Sanctions

The range of punishments for a misdemeanor, typically including jail time of less than 3 years, fines, or probation.

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Courts of Appeal

Courts responsible for reviewing decisions made by lower courts, such as trial courts.

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Court of Cassation

The highest court in a judicial system, responsible for upholding the law and ensuring consistency in court decisions.

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Public Prosecutor

A legal professional who represents the government in criminal prosecutions, seeking justice for alleged crimes.

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Appealing a decision

The act of seeking a higher court to review a decision made by a lower court.

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Legal precedent

A legal principle established by a court's decision, serving as a guideline for future similar cases.

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Hierarchy in office

A structured system where individuals with different levels of authority work together. The Minister of Justice is at the top, overseeing the entire system, while the Prosecutor General at the Court of Cassation holds responsibility for more specific criminal matters.

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Minister of Justice's role

The Minister of Justice holds the highest level of authority in the judicial system of this office.

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Prosecutor General's role

The Prosecutor General is responsible for all legal proceedings at the Court of Cassation, the highest court.

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Clear hierarchy in the office

This office follows a structured system where authority and responsibility are assigned according to specific roles.

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Personal Lawsuit

A lawsuit initiated by an individual or group to address personal grievances and seek redress for damages or wrongdoing.

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Common Right Lawsuit

A lawsuit that focuses on matters impacting the general public and seeks to uphold justice and public interest.

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Managing a Common Right Lawsuit

The legal process conducted by the Public Prosecution to investigate, gather evidence, and pursue legal action in a lawsuit.

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Public Interest and Justice

The aim of a Common Right Lawsuit is to uphold fairness and justice in matters that affect the general public.

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Study Notes

Criminal Trials in Lebanese Law

  • Lebanese criminal justice system is influenced by various legal frameworks
  • Understanding crime classifications, judicial authorities, and distinctions between common and personal right lawsuits is crucial
  • Crimes are categorized as felonies, misdemeanors, or violations under the Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedures
  • Felonies: Severe crimes like murder, armed robbery, or drug trafficking; penalties range 3-15 years, possibly the death penalty
  • Misdemeanors: Lesser crimes like theft or assault; penalties range from 10 days to less than 3 years
  • Violations: Minor infractions like traffic offenses; penalties typically result in fines or imprisonment under 10 days

Judicial Authorities

  • Lebanon's judicial system is structured into courts
  • Single criminal judges handle misdemeanors and minor cases
  • Public prosecutors are not involved in single criminal judge cases
  • Courts of Appeal review trial decisions and involve public prosecutors
  • Court of Cassation oversees major cases and functions as the highest judicial authority

Role of Public Prosecution

  • Public prosecution handles common right lawsuits
  • A clear hierarchy exists, from the Minister of Justice to the Prosecutor General at the Court of Cassation
  • Common right lawsuits address public interest and justice

Common vs. Personal Lawsuits

  • Common Right Lawsuit: Managed by the public prosecution; addresses public interest and justice
  • Personal Right Lawsuit: Filed by individuals directly affected by a crime; can be filed alongside or independently from a common right lawsuit

Judicial Process Example

  • Involves investigation, prosecution, trial, and sentencing
  • Example: In a felony, the investigating judge conducts detailed investigations, examines witnesses, and transfers the case to higher courts

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Summary: Criminal Trials in Lebanese Law (Part 1) PDF

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