RMT MCQ Exit Exam Questions & Answers PDF

RMT MCQ exit exam Questions With All Correct Answers. written by ACADEMICMATERIALS The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material At Stuvia, you will find the best notes, summaries, flashcards &...

RMT MCQ exit exam Questions With All Correct Answers. written by ACADEMICMATERIALS The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material At Stuvia, you will find the best notes, summaries, flashcards & other study material. Search for your school or uni and find the study material you need. www.stuvia.com Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material RMT MCQ exit exam Umbilical Region - Answer- Centermost abdominopelvic region Deep to and surrounding the umbilicus Epigastric Region - Answer- Located superior to the umbilical region epi = upon, above; gastri =belly Hypogastric Region - Answer- Located inferior to the umbilical region a.k.a. pubic region hypo = below Right & Left Iliac Regions - Answer- a.k.a. inguinal region Located lateral to the hypogastric region iliac = superior part of the hip bone Right & Left Lumbar Regions - Answer- Lie lateral to the umbilical region; lumbus = loin Right & Left Hypochondriac Regions - Answer- Lie lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs chondro = cartilage Anatomical Position - Answer- Anatomical reference point; a standard body position Ensures descriptions of structural relationships are the same Coronal Plane - Answer- Divides the body into front and back (anterior/posterior) a.k.a. frontal plane Sagittal Plane - Answer- Divides the body into left and right halves Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material All sagittal planes offset from the center of the body are parasagittal Median Plane - Answer- a.k.a. midsagittal plane A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline Transverse Plane - Answer- a.k.a. horizontal plane Runs horizontally from right to left Divides the body into superior and inferior parts A transverse section is also called a cross section Dorsal Body Cavity - Answer- Protects the fragile nervous system organs (brain & spinal cord) Has two subdivisions: cranial & vertebral/spinal cavities Ventral Body Cavity - Answer- More anterior and larger of the closed body cavities Two major subdivisions: thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities Houses internal organs collectively called viscera, or visceral organs Cranial Cavity - Answer- In the skull; encases the brain Continuous with the vertebral/spinal cavity Vertebral/Spinal Cavity - Answer- Runs within the bony vertebral column Encloses the spinal cord Body Cavities - Answer- Two sets of internal body cavities: dorsal & ventral body cavities Closed to the outside Provide degrees of protection to organs contained within Dorsal/ventral differ in mode of embryonic dev. & lining membranes Not widely used anatomical reference; a useful learning concept Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Anatomy - Answer- The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Dorsiflexion - Answer- Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin Corresponds to wrist extension Plantarflexion - Answer- Depressing the foot (pointing the toes) Corresponds to wrist flexion Inversion - Answer- Sole of the foot turns medially Eversion - Answer- Sole of the foot faces laterally Protraction - Answer- Non angular anterior movements in a transverse plane The mandible is protracted when you jut out your jaw Retraction - Answer- Non angular posterior movements in a transverse plane The mandible is retracted when you bring it back from protraction Elevation - Answer- Lifting a body part superiorly Example, the scapulae are elevated when you shrug your shoulders Depression - Answer- Moving the elevated part inferiorly During chewing, the mandible is alternately elevated & depressed Opposition - Answer- Action of touching thumb to tips of other fingers on same hand Occurs at saddle joint between metacarpal I & trapezium Prime Mover - Answer- Muscle that has major responsibility for producing a specific mvmt a.k.a. agonist or "leader" Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Antagonist - Answer- Mm that oppose, or reverse, a movement; "against the leaders" Help regulate action of prime movers by contracting to provide resistance Located on opposite sides of the joint across which they act Synergist - Answer- syn = together, erg = work Help prime movers by: adding extra force to the same movement Reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements that might occur Fixator - Answer- Muscles that help maintain upright posture Type of synergist; when mm immobilizes a bone or muscle origin Provides the prime mover with a stable base on which to act Flexion - Answer- Bending movement, usually along the sagittal plane Decreases the angle of the joint; brings articulating bones together Extension - Answer- Involves movement along the sagittal plane Increases the angle between the articulating bones Typically straightens a flexed limb or body part Continuing such mvmts beyond anatomical position is hyperextension Abduction - Answer- "moving away" Mvmt of limb away from midline/median, along frontal plane Raising the arm or thigh laterally is an example For fingers/toes: spreading them apart; "midline" is the longest digit Acetabulum - Answer- Cuplike cavity on lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the femur Faces inferolaterally, w/the acetabulur notch directly inferiorly Formed by all three bones forming the hip bone Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Adduction - Answer- "moving toward" Movement of a limb toward the body midline In the case of the digits, toward the midline of the hand or foot Amphiarthrosis - Answer- A slightly movable joint Anastomosis - Answer- A union or joining of nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatics Angular Movement - Answer- Increase or decrease the angle b/w two bones May occur in any plane of the body Flexion, extension, hyperextension, ab- & ad-duction, circumduction Aorta - Answer- Major systemic artery Arises from the left ventricle of the heart Arteries - Answer- Blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into circulation Aponeurosis - Answer- Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle & part it moves Flat broad CT sheath attaching muscle to bone Atria - Answer- The two superior receiving chambers of the heart Atrioventricular (AV) Node - Answer- Specialized mass of conducting cells Located at the atrioventricular jct. in the heart Atrioventricular (AV) Valve - Answer- Prevents backflow into the atrium when the connected ventricle is contracting Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Autonomic Nervous System - Answer- a.k.a. involuntary or visceral motor system Efferent division of peripheral nervous system Innervates cardiac & smooth muscles and glands Biaxial Movement - Answer- Movement in two planes Circumduction - Answer- Moving a limb so that it describes a cone; circum = around; duco = to draw Distal end of the limb moves in a circle Point of the cone is stationary Consists of flexion, abduction, extension, & adduction in succession Thumb: extension, adduction, flexion, abduction CN I: Olfactory - Answer- Fxn: Purely sensory; carry afferent impulses for sense of smell CT: Client asked to sniff aromatic substances Injury: Partial/total loss of smell; possibly caused by # of ethmoid CN II: Optic - Answer- Fxn: Purely sensory; carry afferent impulses for vision CT: Vision and visual field are determined w/eye chart Injury: Results in blindness in eye served by nerve" CN III: Oculomotor - Answer- "eye mover" Supplies four of the six extrinsic mm. moving the eyeball in the orbit CT: Pupils are examined for size, shape and equality CN IV: Trochlear - Answer- Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle Injury: Results in double vision & reduced ability to rotate eye CN V: Trigeminal - Answer- Largest of the cranial nerves Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Supplies sensory fibres to the face and Supplies motor fibres to the chewing muscles Injury: Trigeminal neuralgia caused by inflammation CN VI: Abducens - Answer- Fxn: Primarily motor Injury: Eye cannot move laterally; affected eyeball rotates medially Condyloid Joint - Answer- Biaxial joints: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction · Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints Cranial Nerves - Answer- Twelve pairs First 2 pairs attach to the forebrain, rest are assoc. with brain stem Serves head & neck, except for vagus, which extend into abdomen Fascia - Answer- Composed of dense irregular connective tissue Sheet or band of fibrous connective tissues Compartmentalises muscle groups Separates and connects various body structures Flat Bone - Answer- Thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved Sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most skull bones Sternum - Answer- "breastbone" Scapulae - Answer- "shoulder blades" Gliding Movement - Answer- When flat (or nearly flat) bone surface glides/slips over another Back-and-forth and side-to-side Occurs at intercarpal & intertarsal jts; articular processes of vertebrae" Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Hinge Joint - Answer- Uniaxial movements: flexion, extension · Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints Insertion - Answer- Attached to the moveable bone Irregular Bone - Answer- Complicated shapes that fit no other bone classes Examples: vertebrae and hip bones Long Bone - Answer- Bones that are longer than they are wide Has a shaft plus two ends which are often expanded All limb bones except patella and the wrist and ankle bones Named for their elongated shape, not their overall size Arachnoid Mater - Answer- "weblike" Middle layer of the three meninges Patella - Answer- "kneecap" Multiaxial Movement - Answer- Movement in or around all three planes of space and axes Nonaxial Movement - Answer- Slipping movements only No axis around which movement can occur Origin - Answer- Attached to the immovable (or less moveable) bone Parasympathetic Division of ANS - Answer- Conserves energy, resource replenishment & storage Promotes house-keeping functions during rest Rest and digest response Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Pivot Joint - Answer- Uniaxial movements: rotation Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint Plane Joint - Answer- Nonaxial movements: gliding Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints b/w vertebral articular surfaces Saddle Joint - Answer- Biaxial joints: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs Sesamoid Bone - Answer- "shaped like a sesame seed" A special type of short bone that form in a tendon Vary in size and number in different individuals Some sesamoid bones act to alter the direction of pull of a tendon Somatic Nervous System - Answer- a.k.a. voluntary nervous system Sympathetic Division of ANS - Answer- Mobilizes body systems during activity Uniaxial Movement - Answer- Movement in one plane Abstract - Answer- Concise summary of a research article Highlights objective, hypothesis, design, participants, setting, methods, results & conclusion Analytic Study - Answer- Quantitative, experimental study Before-After Treatment Design - Answer- Research design method Compares baseline measure taken before treatment with those taken after tx Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Boolean Operators - Answer- Terms "and", "not" and "or" Used to limit/expand a search for a reference citation Case-Control Study - Answer- Type of observational study Exposure(s) & outcome(s) have already occurred and are being analyzed Often used to explore risk factors associated with chronic illness Citation - Answer- Reference to a journal item Clinical Trial - Answer- Experimental study Researcher randomly assigns treatment(s) to groups of participants Cohort Study - Answer- Group is defined based on presence/absence of common exposure Participants are followed over time to observe who develops the outcome Co-Intervention - Answer- Procedure administered at the same time as the study intervention Occurs w/o knowledge of the study investigator Compliance - Answer- Adherence to the study protocol Confounding Variable - Answer- 3rd variable which blurs relationship b/w two other variables Makes it appear that a false relationship exists Control Group - Answer- Group of study participants who do NOT receive tx being studied OR group of participants who do NOT have exposure/outcome being evaluated Used as a basis for comparison to the tx group Culture - Answer- Particular way of defining the world, relationship of a group to it & each other Accepted standards of behaviour for the group Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material NOT limited to geographic location or ethnic heritage Refers to a group of ppl who share a particular set of experiences Descriptive Study - Answer- Study that provides a record or description of events or activities Diffusion of Treatment - Answer- Occurs when participants assigned to control group seek out & obtain active tx Ecological Validity - Answer- Capacity of a study to actively reflect the way tx is implemented in clinical practice Experimental Study - Answer- Study where the researcher manipulates events i.e. Giving a treatment & then assessing effects Explanatory Study - Answer- Study that seeks to explain a connection b/w events or variables Further divided into observational and experimental studies Exposure - Answer- In epidemiology, the risk factor or tx to which study participants is subjected Equivalent to independent variable in non-medical research External Validity - Answer- Capacity of a study to be generalized to other groups or clinical settings Falsification - Answer- Idea that science progresses best through demonstrating a hypothesis is false Fields - Answer- Categories/keywords such as authors' names, journal titles, text words Can be specified to limit or expand a database search Follow-Up Study - Answer- Another name for a cohort study Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Hypothesis - Answer- Highly specific statement that can be demonstrated to be true or false Achieved through methodical gathering/analysis of empirical information/data Intention to Treat - Answer- Statistical analysis based on total # of eligible participants originally enrolled Instead of the number who completed the study Internal Validity - Answer- Capacity of a study to link cause & effect Intervention Study - Answer- Another term for an experimental or treatment study Iterative - Answer- Describes process of repeated development or refinement Going through several cycles Letters to the Editor - Answer- Features of a journal Where readers write in response to previously published articles Literature review - Answer- Critique of previous research studies on a particular topic Longitudinal Study - Answer- Another name for a cohort study Margin of Error - Answer- Est. amount of possible statistical error in a survey's result Usually expressed as a range, such as "plus or minus" Mean - Answer- Arithmetical average Sum of a group of scores divided by the number of scores Nonspecific Response - Answer- More accurate term for placebo effect Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Observational Study - Answer- Study that explains a connection b/w naturally occurring events w/o manipulating them Exposure to a risk factor and subsequent development of an outcome Outcome - Answer- Any clinical endpoint of interest Placebo Effect - Answer- (+) response to an inactive substance or sham treatment Used to reflect the possibility that (+) clinical outcomes may be in response to other factors (expectations, beliefs, and attitudes) Prospective Study - Answer- Another name for a cohort or longitudinal study Protocol - Answer- Step by step description of procedures to be carried out during a research study Publication Bias - Answer- Tendency for journals to publish articles with only positive findings Qualitative Methods - Answer- Research methods that rely on collection/analysis of word-based data Can be experiential or observational data Quantitative Methods - Answer- Research methods based on collection/analysis of numerical data Conclusions can be based on statistical data analysis Random Assignment - Answer- Assignment of study participants to a group based on a random process Computer-generated tables of numbers Randomized Controlled Trial - Answer- Clinical trial whose participants have been randomly allocated to tx & control Considered the 'gold standard' of quantitative research Range - Answer- Difference b/w the highest & lowest scores of an outcome measure Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Reactivity Issues - Answer- Ways in which the responses of study participants are influenced by being observed Recall Bias - Answer- Tendency of study participants to distort historical information Due to faulty memory or a desire to please or impress the interviewer Results in inaccurate data Regression to the Mean - Answer- Tendency for extreme values of a baseline measure to come closer to the average Occurs upon repeated measurement Reproducibility - Answer- Capacity of the study to be replicated by another investigator/in another setting Retrospective Study - Answer- Another name for a case-control study Sample - Answer- Way in which cases from a population are selected to represent the whole Noun: refers to the selected subset Search Strategy - Answer- Search terms used to retrieve articles on a particular topic Standard Deviation - Answer- Measure of the variability or spread of scores around the mean Statistical Significance - Answer- Evidence that the results of a study are NOT due to chance or random error Sources of Bias - Answer- Elements of a research design or procedures Introduce systematic error into the measurement of an outcome Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Test-Retest Reliability - Answer- Evidence of the stability of the test or instrument used to measure an abstract concept Triangulation - Answer- Use of more than on method/strategy of data collection/analysis Increase the validity/reliability of a qualitative study Type I Error - Answer- Statistical significance mistakenly based on random error Leading to the conclusion that an effect is present when in truth it is not Type II Error - Answer- Lack of statistical significance despite the presence of a true effect Absolute Refractory Period - Answer- Period following stimulation During which no additional action potential can be evoked Acid - Answer- A substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution A proton donor Actin - Answer- Myofilament Lateral, thin filaments Extend across the I band and partway into the A band Active Immunity - Answer- Immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen Provides immunological memory Active Transport - Answer- Membrane transport processes for which ATP is required Example: solute pumping and endocytosis Also refers specifically to solute pumping. Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Adenosine Triphosphate - Answer- Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells Afferent - Answer- Carrying to or toward a center NS: conduct impulses from periphery (body) to the brain or SC Allergy - Answer- Type of hypersensitivity Involves IgE antibodies and histamine release Anabolism - Answer- Energy-requiring building phase of metabolism Simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances Anion - Answer- Ion carrying one or more negative charges Therefore attracted to a positive pole Antibody - Answer- Protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell Binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin Antigen - Answer- Substance or part of (living or nonliving) recognized as foreign by the immune system Activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products Apoptosis - Answer- A process of controlled cellular suicide Eliminates cells that are unneeded, stressed, or aged Arteriole - Answer- A minute artery Association Areas - Answer- Functional areas of the cerebral cortex Act mainly to integrate diverse information for purposeful action Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Atom - Answer- Smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Autoimmunity - Answer- Production of antibodies or effector T cells that attack a person's own tissue Autolysis - Answer- Process of autodigestion (self-digestion) of cells Especially dead or degenerate cells Axon - Answer- Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body Efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell Hypersensitivity - Answer- Overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen Absorption - Answer- Process Products of digestion pass through alimentary tube mucosa Move into the blood or lymph Accessory Digestive Organ - Answer- Organs that contribute to the digestive process Are not part of the alimentary canal Include the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver Acetylcholine - Answer- Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings Acetylcholinesterase - Answer- Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses Degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action Acidosis - Answer- State of abnormally high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid Action Potential - Answer- Transmits nerve signals Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Abrupt, pulsatile changes in the membrane potential Propagated in the axon of the neuron or nerve cell Adaptation - Answer-(1) Any change in structure or response to suit a new environment (2) Decline in the transmission of a sensory nerve when a receptor is stimulated continuously and without change in stimulus strength. Adenohypophysis - Answer- Anterior pituitary Glandular part of the pituitary gland Aldosterone - Answer- Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex Regulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by the kidneys Alimentary Canal - Answer- Continuous hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus Walls are constructed by oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and sm./lg. intestines Amino Acids - Answer- Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Building block of protein Amylase - Answer- Digestive system enzyme that breaks down starchy foods Anemia - Answer- Reduced oxygen-carrying ability of blood Resulting from too few erythrocytes or abnormal hemoglobin Autoregulation - Answer- Automatic local adjustment of blood flow to a particular body area Response to current requirements of the body area Bursitis - Answer- Inflammation of a bursa Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Accessory Movement - Answer- Movement within a joint & surrounding soft tissues Necessary for normal range of motion Cannot be voluntarily performed Adhesions - Answer- Abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures Due to immobilization, trauma, or as a complication of surgery Restricts normal elasticity of the structures involved Aerobic Exercise - Answer- Submaximal, rhythmic, repetitive exercise of large muscle groups During which the needed energy is supplied by inspired oxygen Apnea - Answer- Cessation of breathing The absence of spontaneous respiration Arthritis - Answer- Inflammation of the structures of a joint Asthma - Answer- An obstructive lung disease seen in young patients Associated with a hypersensitivity to specific allergens Resulting in bronchospasm and difficulty breathing Atrophy - Answer- Wasting/reduction of the size of cells, tissues, organs, or body parts Auscultation - Answer- Listening to heart or lung sounds within the body Usually with a stethoscope Anaerobic Exercise - Answer- Exercise that occurs without the presence of inspired oxygen Capsular Pattern - Answer- Pattern of limitation, characteristic for a given joint Indicates that a problem exists with that joint Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Chondromalacia Patella - Answer- Deterioration of the articular cartilage at posterior aspect of patella Chronic Bronchitis - Answer- Inflammation of bronchi that causes an irritating, productive cough Lasts up to 3 mths and recurs over at least two consecutive years Continuous production of purulent sputum Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer- Describes a variety of chronic lung conditions Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and peripheral airway disease Closed Chain Exercise - Answer- Exercise; distal end of the segment is fixed to a supporting surface Trunk and proximal segments move over the fixed part Squatting, climbing steps, and getting in and out of a chair Concentric Exercise - Answer- Shortening of the muscle Muscle generates tension & contracts against resistance Contracture - Answer- Shortening/hypomobility of the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule Prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure Contusion - Answer- Bruising from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture Injury of a part without a break in the skin Characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain Cystic Fibrosis - Answer- Genetically based disease Involves malfunction of the exocrine glands Leads to chronic lung infections and pancreatic dysfunction Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness - Answer- Exercise-induced muscle tenderness or stiffness Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Occurs 24 to 48 hours after vigorous exercise Disability - Answer- Inability to undertake normal activities of daily living (ADL) A result of physical, mental, social, or emotional impairments Diastasis Recti - Answer- Separation of the rectus abdominis muscle In the midline at the linea alba Continuity of the abdominal wall is disrupted Dislocation - Answer- Displacement of a part, usually the bony partners within a joint Distraction - Answer- Peripheral joint mobilization technique Pulling apart or separation of joint surfaces Dynamic Stabilization - Answer- Isometric or stabilizing contraction of trunk or proximal girdle muscles Used to maintain control of the functional position in response to imposed fluctuating forces through the moving extremities Dyspnea - Answer- Shortness of breath; labored, distressed breathing Eccentric Exercise - Answer- Overall lengthening of the muscle Muscle develops tension and contracts to control motion against the resistance of an outside force Emphysema - Answer- A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Characterized by inflammation, thickening, and deterioration Affecting respiratory bronchioles and alveoli End Feel - Answer- Quality of feel the evaluator experiences Passively applying pressure at the end of the available ROM Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Extrusion - Answer- Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk Nuclear material ruptures through the outer annulus Forward Head Posture - Answer-Posture characterized by: Increased flexion of the lower cervical and upper thoracic regions Increased extension of the occiput on the first cervical vertebra, Increased extension of the upper cervical vertebrae Fremitus - Answer- Vocal or tactile Vibration that can be felt on the chest wall as a person speaks Handicap - Answer- Social disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability Prevents/limits persons in occupation, environment, or social setting Hyperplasia - Answer- Increase in the number of fibers or cells; accelerated growth Abn multiplication/increase in number of normal cells of a body part e.g., anemia, bone marrow produces red blood cells at a faster rate Hypertrophy - Answer- Increase in the cross-sectional size of a fiber or cell Enlargement/overgrowth of organ d/t increase of size of cells NOT # Impairment - Answer- Any loss/abnormality of psychological, physiological, anatomical structure or fxn Limits or changes an individual's ability to perform a task or activity" Intrinsic Muscle Spasm - Answer- Prolonged contraction of a muscle Response to local circulatory & metabolic changes Changes occur when a muscle is in a continued state of contraction Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Isometric Exercise - Answer- Form of static exercise Tension develops in the m. but no mechanical work is performed No appreciable joint mvmt and overall length remains the same Joint Mobilization - Answer- Passive traction and/or gliding movements applied to joint surfaces Maintain/restore the joint play normally allowed by the capsule Normal roll-slide joint mechanics can occur as a person moves Joint Play - Answer- Capsular laxity/elasticity that allows movements of the joint surfaces Mvmts include distraction, sliding, compression, rolling, & spinning" Kyphosis - Answer- Posterior convexity in the spinal column Posterior curve is primary because it is present at birth In the thoracic and sacral regions of the spine" Kyphotic Posture - Answer- Posture; exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine Examples: humpback, round back Lordosis - Answer- Anterior convexity in the spinal column Anterior curve is secondary or compensatory Occurs in the cervical and lumbar spinal regions Lordotic Posture - Answer- Type of posture Characterized by an increase in the lumbosacral angle Causes increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, & hip flexion Muscle Setting - Answer- Form of isometric exercise Not performed against any appreciable resistance Gentle static muscle contractions Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Used to maintain mobility b/w m. fibers, decrease spasm & pain Open Chain Exercise - Answer- Exercise in which distal segment of the body moves freely in space Osteoarthritis - Answer- a.k.a. "degenerative joint disease" Chronic degenerative disorder Primarily affecting the articular cartilage Eventual bony over-growth at the margins of the joints Appendicular Skeleton - Answer- Relating to the limbs One of the two major divisions of the body Cerebellum - Answer- Brain region Most involved in producing smooth, coordinated skeletal m. activity Cerebral Cortex - Answer- The outer gray matter region of the cerebral hemispheres Cerebral White Matter - Answer- Consists largely of myelinated fibers bundled into large tracts Provides communication b/w cerebral areas & lower CNS centers Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer- Plasmalike fluid Fills the cavities of the CNS & surrounds CNS externally Supports and protects the brain and spinal cord Cerebrum - Answer- Cerebral hemispheres Includes the cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei Cervical Vertebrae - Answer- Seven vertebrae of the vertebral column located in the neck Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Capillaries - Answer- Smallest of the blood vessels Sites of exchange between the blood and tissue cells Caudal - Answer- "toward the tail" In humans, the inferior portion of the anatomy Colon - Answer- Regions of the large intestine; Includes ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions B Lymphocytes - Answer- Oversee humoral immunity; Descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells Basal Lamina - Answer- Noncellular, adhesive supporting sheet Involved in skin disorders that cause bullae or blister formation Consisting largely of glycoproteins secreted by epithelial cells Base - Answer- A substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions A proton acceptor Basophil - Answer- White blood cells Granules stain purplish-black and nucleus purple with basic dye Benign - Answer- Not malignant Of the character that does not threaten health or life Blastocyst - Answer- Stage of early embryonic development Product of cleavage Bone Resorption - Answer- The removal of osseous tissue Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Osteoclasts are the cell type is associated with bone resorption Part of the continuous bone remodeling process Bone Remodeling - Answer- Process involving bone formation and destruction In response to hormonal and mechanical factors Burns - Answer- Inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals Denatures cell proteins & kill cells in affected areas (tissue damage) Calcitonin - Answer- Hormone released by the thyroid Inhibits the release of calcium from bone into the extracellular fluid Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high (therapeutic) levels Callus - Answer-(1) Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from trauma (2) repair tissue (fibrous or bony) formed at a fracture site Carbohydrate - Answer- Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Includes starches, sugars, cellulose Cartilage - Answer- White, semiopaque connective tissue Catabolism - Answer- Process Living cells break down substances into simpler substances Cation - Answer- An ion with a positive charge Cell - Answer- Structural unit of all living things Chemoreceptor - Answer- Receptor sensitive to various chemicals in solution Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Chemotaxis - Answer- Movement of a cell, organism, or part of an organism Movement is toward or away from a chemical substance Cleavage - Answer- An early embryonic phase Consists of rapid mitotic cell divisions w/o growth periods Product is a blastocyst Collagen - Answer- Most abundant of the three fibers found in the matrix of CT Colloid - Answer-(1) Mixture; solute particles (usually proteins) do not settle out readily (2) Substance in the thyroid gland containing thyroglobulin protein" Complement - Answer- A group of bloodborne proteins When activated, enhance the inflammatory and immune responses May lead to cell lysis Compound - Answer- Substance composed of two or more different elements Atoms of the element are chemically united Connective Tissue - Answer- A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively Functions include support, storage, and protection Contractility - Answer- Muscle cell's ability to move (contract) by shortening Functional abilities of muscles to shorten forcibly when stimulated Contraction - Answer- To shorten or develop tension, An ability highly developed in muscle cells Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Embolus - Answer- Thrombus or clot of material that has been dislodged Transported in the bloodstream from a larger to a smaller vessel Often resulting in occlusion of the vessel Plasma Cell - Answer- A daughter cell of an activated B lymphocyte Atlectasis - Answer- Collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung Basal Nuclei - Answer- Specific gray matter areas Located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres Bile - Answer- Greenish-yellow or brownish fluid Produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder Released into the small intestine Bilirubin - Answer- Yellow pigment of bile Blood Brain Barrier - Answer- Mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from blood into brain tissues Reflects relative impermeability of brain capillaries Basal Metabolic Rate - Answer- Rate at which energy is expended (heat production) By the body per unit time under controlled (basal) conditions 12 hours after a meal, at rest Bolus - Answer- Rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing Brain Stem - Answer- Collectively the midbrain, pons, and medulla of the brain Downloaded by: rachauntpalmer | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Bronchi - Answer- Two large branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs Bronchioles - Answer- Smaller (