Slaughtering Stunning Application Guide PDF

22/10/2024 Slaughtering : Stunning Application of Stunning in Slaughter Topic of Discussions : Introduction – Restraint and Stunning Mechanical stunning Air Stunning l Slaughtering :...

22/10/2024 Slaughtering : Stunning Application of Stunning in Slaughter Topic of Discussions : Introduction – Restraint and Stunning Mechanical stunning Air Stunning l Slaughtering : Stunning Electric stunning Gas stunning Conditions according to MS 1500 : 2009 Fatwa Decision on Stunning 1  22/10/2024 Introduction Animal ready for slaughter : ✓ driven to the stunning area in a quiet and orderly manner without undue fuss and noise ✓ facilitated using flat canvass straps, rolled plastic or paper, and prodders (occasionally in the case of stubborn animals). Slaughtering : Stunning Animals should : ✓ Not beaten ✓ Not have their tails twisted ✓ led in single file into the stunning area (held in appropriate restraining device(s) before stunning) ✓ properly restrained before stunning or bleeding Introduction : Restraint Ensure stability of the animal – carry out stunning operation accurately and properly. Different types of restraints - for different species Animals should never be left standing for a Slaughtering : Stunning prolonged period in a restraint device Stunning must be immediately after being secured The operator must be adequately trained and supervised (In some countries, people who handle and stun animals have to be trained and licensed) 2  22/10/2024 Introduction : Restraint Cattle Most common method - stunning box Slaughtering : Stunning Size of the box - wide enough to prevent the animal from turning around, and so be difficult to stun. Floor of the box - should be non-slip. Introduction : Restraint Slaughtering : Stunning 3  22/10/2024 Introduction : Restraint Sheep/ goats Proper constructed metal stunning box is appropriate Slaughtering : Stunning However, they can be restrained manually quite satisfactorily Introduction : Restraint Poultry Chickens are shackled by their legs onto a conveyor line Must be done gently – to avoid injury and stress. In a small slaughterhouse, birds can be placed headfirst in cones Slaughtering : Stunning 4  22/10/2024 Introduction : Restraint Ostriches Temperamental animals Must be securely restrained - they will kick Slaughtering : Stunning Leading them into a padded V- shaped pen, with the head facing the apex of the pen. Feet can be clamped immediately after electrical stunning has begun Introduction : Stunning ▪ Desirable to render an animal unconscious before it is slaughtered. To eliminate : ✓ pain, ✓ discomfort, ✓ stress Slaughtering : Stunning ▪ Most developed and many developing countries, have legislation that requires pre-slaughter stunning, with exception : ✓ authorised ritual slaughter e.g Halal, Kosher ✓ traditional slaughter (in some circumstances) 5  22/10/2024 Introduction : Stunning ▪ The animal should be rendered unconscious for long enough : ✓ to ensure enough loss of blood after bleeding ✓ to cause death from lack of oxygen to the brain (cerebral anoxia) Slaughtering : Stunning ▪ Have ‘irreversible’ and ‘reversible’ effect on animal life ▪ Three (3) main technologies used to effect stunning : Mechanical (Percussion), Electrical and Gas. ▪ For Halal purposes, stunning is not recommended, BUT the conditions specified in MS 1500 shall be complied if stunning is to be carried out Mechanical stunning Also known as Percussion stunning This method produces a physical shock to the brain Variations : Slaughtering : Stunning ✓ has a handle and trigger. ✓ comprises hand-held barrel, which is tapped against the skull, which sets of the cartridge explosion Type : ✓ Captive bolt ✓ Gunshot ✓ Pneumatic percussive 6  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Captive Bolt Works on the principle of a gun and fires a blank cartridge and it propels a short bolt (metal rod) from the barrel. Slaughtering : Stunning Type of Captive Bolt Pistol (CBP) : ✓ Penetrative Captive Bolt – bolt penetrates the skull bone and causing bruising of the brain ✓ Non-Penetrative Captive Bolt / Mushroom head – bolt not penetrates the skull bone, but may be damaged. Brain is not penetrated Mechanical stunning : Hand-Held Barrel Captive Bolt Use of Hand-Held Barrel Captive Bolt Pistol (CBP) A. Bottom part removed from main part of CBP for loading the cartridge Slaughtering : Stunning B. CBP in firing position (firing pin to be released through trigger) C. BP with expelled bolt after firing (rubber rings stop expulsion and partially withdraw bolt) 7  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Hand-Held Barrel Captive Bolt Slaughtering : Stunning Mechanical stunning : Captive Bolt with Handle and Trigger Slaughtering : Stunning 8  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Penetrative-Captive Bolt Slaughtering : Stunning The bolt penetrates the skull bone Produces concussion by damaging the brain or increasing intracranial pressure Causing bruising of the brain Irreversible stunning Status : NON-HALAL Mechanical stunning : Non Penetrative-Captive Bolt Slaughtering : Stunning Also known as Mushroom-Head Stunner Strong blow to the skull – unconsciousness of animal Animal is not killed and brain is not penetrated BUT high possibility of damaging skull (permanent physical injury) Irreversible stunning Status : NON-HALAL 9  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Non Penetrative-Captive Bolt Slaughtering : Stunning Mechanical stunning : Gunshot Conditions : Animals are too fractious to be handled in the normal way, e.g cannot be loaded on the farm Slaughtering : Stunning or led into the stunning restraint With a free, soft-nosed bullet, using a 22-calibre bullet (most animals) Shooting with a free bullet - dangerous to operators. E.g Animal is to be slaughtered on a farm - should be accurately shot while standing or lying on soft ground to prevent the bullet from ricocheting Status : NON-HALAL 10  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Pneumatic- Percussive Stunner Slaughtering : Stunning Using air-pressure to give strong blow to the skull – unconsciousness of animal Brain is not penetrated, and as the animal is not killed Reversible stunning Status : HALAL (by conditions) Mechanical stunning : Pneumatic Percussive Stunner Conditions of Pneumatic Percussive Stunner according to MS 1500 : 2009 : 1. Pneumatic percussive stunning is only suitable for all Slaughtering : Stunning bovine animals 2. The air pressure that powers the stunner should not be more than 225 psi and should be kept to the minimum required to stun the animal 3. The head of the stunner shall be flat or slightly convex (cembung) 4. There shall be a protective collar around head of the stunner so that it shouldn’t protrude more than 3 mm beyond it. 11  22/10/2024 Mechanical stunning : Pneumatic Percussive Stunner 5. The heads of animal to be stunned shall be held still (tidak bergerak) before the stunner can be applied 6. The centre of the stunner shall be in contact with the animal at a point of intersection of lines drawn from the medial corners of the eyes and the base Slaughtering : Stunning of the ears 7. The stunner shall be applied so that the head of the stunner is perpendicular to the frontal bone* 8. The animal shall be stunned once. * dihalakan tepat pada tulang dahi Mechanical stunning : Pneumatic Percussive Stunner Correct positioning of stunning gun for different species Slaughtering : Stunning 12  22/10/2024 Electrical stunning Induces electroplectic shock or epileptic state in the brain (should last for long enough for bleeding to be carried out so that the animal dies from cerebral anoxia) Slaughtering : Stunning Type : ✓ Electrical shock - suited method for pigs, sheep or goats and ostriches. May use for cattle or other large species but not properly applied because it may result in excessive haemorrhage in the muscles or spinal fractures ✓ Waterbath Stunning - suited method for poultry only Electrical stunning Electrical Shock Slaughtering : Stunning A low voltage alternating electric current is applied by means of two electrodes, which are placed on either side of the brain Type : ✓ Reversible ✓ Irreversible 13  22/10/2024 Electrical stunning Reversible-Electrical Shock Head-only stunning where the animal will regain consciousness. Stunned animals should be slaughter after stunning Slaughtering : Stunning Type : ✓ Head-only stunning - the electrodes should be accurately and firmly placed high up on the sides of the head in sheep, goats, pigs and ostriches ✓ Not head-only stunning - to place one electrode under the jaw and the other on the side of the neck behind the ears. Slaughtering : Stunning Head-only Stunning Not head-only stunning Electric current through the brain Electric current through the brain only and possibly through the heart Not affected the heart Longer time of unconsciousness Blood splash and Possibility for animal death Conscious after certain period No blood splash Immediate slaughter Not require immediate slaughter Status : HALAL Status : NON-HALAL (by conditions) 14  22/10/2024 Electrical stunning Irreversible-Electrical Shock The animal will not regain consciousness. Causes cardiac arrest. A third electrode is placed elsewhere on the body. Electrodes are applied in the form of tongs Slaughtering : Stunning Stunned animals highly possibly should not be slaughter after stunning. Status : NON-HALAL Electrical stunning Tongs Electrode for Electrical Shock Slaughtering : Stunning 15  22/10/2024 Electrical stunning Electrical Shock The electrodes should : ✓ never be applied on sensitive areas e.g eye, inside the ear, rectum ✓ be in good repair and not corroded, cleaned daily. Slaughtering : Stunning Failure of applying electrodes : ✓ Not correctly positioning and good contact of the electrodes. ✓ Passage of electric current through the brain is not facilitated - hair over the site ✓ Current may short-circuit the brain - due to whole face or body is wet Electrical stunning Waterbath Stunning Slaughtering : Stunning Birds are dragged through a trough of water that is charged with a low voltage current. Strength of the current = combination of amperage + voltage appropriate for the species. Equipment should be fitted with a meter to measure the correct current. Status : HALAL (by conditions) 16  22/10/2024 Electrical stunning Waterbath Stunning Slaughtering : Stunning Gas Stunning Use of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas : ✓ New method of stunning suitable for pigs and poultry. ✓ Only applicable at large industrial plants – need installation of costly sophisticated technical equipment Slaughtering : Stunning ✓ Using various concentrations of CO2 in air e.g Concentrations of CO2 for the stunning of poultry of 65 % in air for 15 seconds. The acceptability of this method on welfare grounds has been questioned however. Currently Argon gas is being tested for stunning purposes - assumed that may have some advantages over CO2, but the costs may be higher. 17  22/10/2024 Guideline parameters for electrical stunning of chicken and bull Slaughtering : Stunning Guideline parameters for electrical stunning of other animals Slaughtering : Stunning 18  22/10/2024 National Fatwa decision on Stunning Slaughtering : Stunning Application National Fatwa Decision Bersidang pada 29 September 2005 dan memutuskan bahawa : i. Stunning method for Penentrative Captive Bolt Slaughtering : Stunning and Non Penentrative Captive Bolt (Mushroom Head Gun) type are HARAM AND NOT ALLOWABLE because it may bring death to the animal. 19  22/10/2024 National Fatwa Decision ii. Only Electric Stunner are ALLOWABLE subject to following conditions : a. Using ‘head-only stunner’ b. Strength of electric current need to be Slaughtering : Stunning supervised (not more than determined limit) which are between 0.75 ampere for goat, 2.0 ampere for cattle and the current time period is second; and c. Supervised by competent Muslim workers. National Fatwa Decision iii. Waterbath Stunning method for poultryare ALLOWABLE with conditions : a. Strength of electric current been control to avoid the death of animal; and Slaughtering : Stunning b. Supervised by competent Muslim workers iv. Application of drugs and carbon dioxide gas in slaughtering procedure are ALLOWABLE with conditions not bring injury and death to the animal.* *(under review) 20  22/10/2024 National Fatwa Decision Bersidang pada 13 Mac 2006 dan memutuskan bahawa : Slaughtering : Stunning “ The Pneumatic Percussive Stunning application for slaughtering of cattle and Halal animals are ALLOWABLE with conditions the bone skull is not crack and the death of the animal has been confirm due to slaughtering. ” 41 Summary PENETRATIVE & NON-PENETRATIVE Prohibited PNEUMATIC STUNNING Allowable Slaughtering : Stunning (Bovine only) ELECTRICAL STUNNING (Head-only) Allowable WATERBATH STUNNING (For Poultry) Allowable 21  22/10/2024 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Ps7rCy Zo4&feature=emb_logo DHH 4013 Halal Slaughtering : Stunning Halal Control Point of Halal Slaughter. DHH 4013 Halal Slaughtering : Stunning 22