Podcast
Questions and Answers
Animals should be led in single file into the ______ area.
Animals should be led in single file into the ______ area.
stunning
The operator must be adequately ______ and supervised.
The operator must be adequately ______ and supervised.
trained
Different types of ______ are used for different species.
Different types of ______ are used for different species.
restraints
Stunning must be carried out after the animal is properly ______.
Stunning must be carried out after the animal is properly ______.
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Electric stunning and gas stunning are examples of ______ methods.
Electric stunning and gas stunning are examples of ______ methods.
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Cattle commonly use a stunning ______ for effective restraint.
Cattle commonly use a stunning ______ for effective restraint.
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Animals should not be subjected to ______ treatments prior to stunning.
Animals should not be subjected to ______ treatments prior to stunning.
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The floor of the stunning box should be ______ to ensure the animal's safety.
The floor of the stunning box should be ______ to ensure the animal's safety.
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A properly constructed metal ______ box is appropriate for restraining sheep and goats.
A properly constructed metal ______ box is appropriate for restraining sheep and goats.
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Chickens are shackled by their legs onto a ______ line.
Chickens are shackled by their legs onto a ______ line.
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Ostriches must be securely ______ as they are temperamental animals.
Ostriches must be securely ______ as they are temperamental animals.
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It is desirable to render an animal ______ before it is slaughtered to eliminate pain and stress.
It is desirable to render an animal ______ before it is slaughtered to eliminate pain and stress.
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Legislation requiring pre-slaughter stunning has exceptions for authorized ritual ______.
Legislation requiring pre-slaughter stunning has exceptions for authorized ritual ______.
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The animal should be rendered unconscious long enough to cause death from lack of oxygen to the ______.
The animal should be rendered unconscious long enough to cause death from lack of oxygen to the ______.
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Three main technologies used to effect stunning are Mechanical, Electrical and ______.
Three main technologies used to effect stunning are Mechanical, Electrical and ______.
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Pre-slaughter stunning is required in most developed countries, with some exceptions like traditional ______.
Pre-slaughter stunning is required in most developed countries, with some exceptions like traditional ______.
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Mechanical stunning is commonly achieved using a Pneumatic _____ Stunner.
Mechanical stunning is commonly achieved using a Pneumatic _____ Stunner.
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Electrical stunning induces an _____ shock in the brain.
Electrical stunning induces an _____ shock in the brain.
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Waterbath stunning is a method specifically suited for _____ only.
Waterbath stunning is a method specifically suited for _____ only.
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In electrical stunning, a low voltage alternating electric _____ is applied.
In electrical stunning, a low voltage alternating electric _____ is applied.
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Reversible electrical stunning allows the animal to regain _____ after the process.
Reversible electrical stunning allows the animal to regain _____ after the process.
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For head-only stunning, electrodes should be placed high up on the sides of the _____ in various species.
For head-only stunning, electrodes should be placed high up on the sides of the _____ in various species.
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One form of electrical stunning involves placing one electrode under the _____ and the other on the neck.
One form of electrical stunning involves placing one electrode under the _____ and the other on the neck.
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Electrical stunning should last long enough for bleeding to be carried out to ensure the animal dies from cerebral _____ .
Electrical stunning should last long enough for bleeding to be carried out to ensure the animal dies from cerebral _____ .
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Head-only stunning does not affect the ______.
Head-only stunning does not affect the ______.
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Blood splash is associated with ______ stunning.
Blood splash is associated with ______ stunning.
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The status of head-only stunning is considered ______.
The status of head-only stunning is considered ______.
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Irreversible-electrical shock causes cardiac ______.
Irreversible-electrical shock causes cardiac ______.
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Electrodes should never be applied to sensitive areas such as the ______.
Electrodes should never be applied to sensitive areas such as the ______.
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Failure to apply electrodes correctly may result in a short-circuit of the ______.
Failure to apply electrodes correctly may result in a short-circuit of the ______.
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In waterbath stunning, birds are dragged through a trough of ______ charged with low voltage current.
In waterbath stunning, birds are dragged through a trough of ______ charged with low voltage current.
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The strength of the current in waterbath stunning is a combination of ______ and voltage.
The strength of the current in waterbath stunning is a combination of ______ and voltage.
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The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in stunning is considered a ______ method suitable for pigs and poultry.
The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in stunning is considered a ______ method suitable for pigs and poultry.
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Concentrations of CO2 for stunning poultry are at ______ % in air for 15 seconds.
Concentrations of CO2 for stunning poultry are at ______ % in air for 15 seconds.
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The National Fatwa Decision states that the stunning method using Penetrative Captive Bolt is ______ and not allowable.
The National Fatwa Decision states that the stunning method using Penetrative Captive Bolt is ______ and not allowable.
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Currently, ______ gas is being tested as an alternative to CO2 for stunning purposes.
Currently, ______ gas is being tested as an alternative to CO2 for stunning purposes.
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Only ______ stunners are allowable according to the National Fatwa Decision, subject to specific conditions.
Only ______ stunners are allowable according to the National Fatwa Decision, subject to specific conditions.
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The guideline parameters for electrical stunning apply to both ______ and bull.
The guideline parameters for electrical stunning apply to both ______ and bull.
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Stunning methods must prioritize ______ to reduce suffering in animals during slaughter.
Stunning methods must prioritize ______ to reduce suffering in animals during slaughter.
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Electric stunning is considered allowable only when using a ______-only stunner.
Electric stunning is considered allowable only when using a ______-only stunner.
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The strength of electric current for goats should not exceed ______ ampere.
The strength of electric current for goats should not exceed ______ ampere.
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The current time period for stunning is ______ seconds.
The current time period for stunning is ______ seconds.
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Waterbath stunning methods for poultry are allowable only if the electric current is ______.
Waterbath stunning methods for poultry are allowable only if the electric current is ______.
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Competent ______ workers must supervise the stunning procedures.
Competent ______ workers must supervise the stunning procedures.
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The pneumatic percussive stunning application must not crack the ______ of the animal.
The pneumatic percussive stunning application must not crack the ______ of the animal.
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Drugs and carbon dioxide gas can be applied in the slaughtering procedure but should not cause ______ to the animal.
Drugs and carbon dioxide gas can be applied in the slaughtering procedure but should not cause ______ to the animal.
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Electrical stunning is ______ under certain conditions.
Electrical stunning is ______ under certain conditions.
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The National Fatwa Decision states that slaughtering must confirm the animal's ______ due to stunning.
The National Fatwa Decision states that slaughtering must confirm the animal's ______ due to stunning.
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Study Notes
Application of Stunning in Slaughter
- Restraint and Stunning are crucial in slaughterhouses
- Mechanical stunning, air stunning, electric stunning, and gas stunning are methods used.
- Conditions according to MS 1500:2009 are important.
- Fatwa decision on stunning plays a significant role.
Introduction - Restraint
- Animals are driven to the stunning area quietly, using methods like straps and prodders if needed.
- Animals must not be beaten, and their tails should not be twisted.
- Animals are placed into restraining devices appropriate for the intended stunning method.
- Restraint devices must not allow prolonged standing; stunning should be immediate after securing.
- Operators are required to be trained adequately and supervised, per local regulations.
Introduction - Restraint (Cattle)
- Stunning boxes should be wide enough, preventing turning.
- Box floors should be non-slip.
Introduction - Restraint (Sheep/Goats)
- Metal stunning boxes are appropriate for these animals.
- Manual restraint is satisfactory in situations.
Introduction - Restraint (Poultry)
- Chickens are shackled for movement along a conveyor line.
- Gentle handling is necessary to prevent injuries.
- Birds might be placed in cones (headfirst) in small slaughterhouses.
Introduction - Restraint (Ostriches)
- Temperamental animals must be securely restrained to prevent kicking.
- Animals are led into V-shaped pens, with head facing the point.
- Feet can be clamped immediately after stunning.
Introduction - Stunning
- Animals are rendered unconscious before slaughter to eliminate pain, discomfort, and stress.
- Legislation regarding pre-slaughter stunning exists globally, with exceptions for authorized ritual slaughters (e.g., Halal and Kosher).
- Traditional slaughtering methods may be allowed in some circumstances.
Mechanical Stunning
- Method is also called percussion stunning.
- Producers a physical shock to the brain using different types such as captive bolt, gunshot and pneumatic percussive.
- Various variations exist, including hand-held barrels and cartridge-based systems.
Mechanical Stunning (Captive Bolt)
- Captive bolt pistols use a blank cartridge to propel a metal bolt into the skull.
- Penetrative bolts are described.
- Non -penetrative bolts are described.
Mechanical Stunning (Hand-Held Barrel Captive Bolt)
- Bottom part is removed for loading cartridges.
- The CBP moves in a firing position.
- Rubber rings stop the bolt
Mechanical Stunning (Penetrative-Captive Bolt)
- Bolt penetrates the skull, damaging the brain and causing concussion.
- May increase intracranial pressure and lead to bruising.
- Non-penetrative variants may cause permanent physical brain damage.
Mechanical Stunning (Non-Penetrative-Captive Bolt)
- Also known as mushroom-head stunners, these deliver strong blows to the skull without penetrating it.
- Brain damage is not direct but possibility of skull breakage.
- Animals not necessarily killed and high chances of injury.
Mechanical Stunning (Gunshot)
- Dangerous for operators; animals must be shot while standing/lying on soft ground to avoid ricochets.
Mechanical Stunning (Pneumatic-Percussive Stunner)
- Uses air pressure to deliver a blow to the skull, causing unconsciousness.
- Stunning is reversible.
- Compliance to regulations regarding pressure and shape of the stunner is required (e.g., MS 1500).
Electrical Stunning
- Induce electroplectic shock or epileptic state in the brain.
- Type can be reversible or irreversible.
- Electrical shock stunning can be used on pigs, sheep, goats and ostriches, but not always other large stock.
Electrical Stunning (Reversible-Electrical Shock)
- Head-only stunning is common.
- Electrodes are positioned on the animal's head, often on the sides.
- Animals may regain consciousness after stunning.
- Requires immediate slaughter after.
Electrical Stunning (Irreversible-Electrical Shock)
- Animals lose consciousness and may not regain it.
- Additional electrodes may be necessary.
- Slaughter of stunned animals not recommended.
Electrical Stunning (Tongs Electrode)
- Tongs electrodes are used to apply direct current.
Electrical Stunning (Waterbath Stunning)
- Birds are dragged through a trough of water with low voltage applied.
Gas Stunning
- Uses carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, and is suitable for pigs and poultry.
- Usually carried out in industrial settings due to needed equipment to supply the gas.
- Concentrations are specified, typically 65% CO2 in the air for around 15 seconds. (Poultry).
- Other gas stunning methods exist with alternate considerations for different needs and circumstances.
Guideline parameters for electrical stunning (Table A1 and A2)
- Parameters are outlined for chickens, bulls, and other animals.
- Electrical current, voltage, and duration are factors.
National Fatwa Decision (Stunning)
- 29 September 2005 Fatwa.
- Penetrative and non-penetrative captive bolt types are prohibited.
- Head-only electrical stunning is allowable, but strictly regulated on parameters.
- Waterbath stunning is allowable but strictly regulated.
- (13 March 2006) Fatwa on Pneumatic Percussive Stunning is allowable, under conditions, for halal animals.
Halal Control Point of Halal Slaughter.
- Diagram of the process from rearing to packaging for Halal slaughter is presented.
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Description
This quiz explores the various methods of restraint and stunning used in slaughterhouses, including mechanical, air, electric, and gas stunning. It also discusses the importance of conditions according to MS 1500:2009 and the role of fatwa decisions related to stunning practices. Understanding these methods is essential for animal welfare and regulatory compliance in the meat industry.
