Study Guide: Unit 1 – Cell-ebrations PDF

Study Guide: Unit 1 – Cell-ebrations Key Concepts 1. Definition of Cells ○ Smallest self-sustaining units of life. ○ Basic building blocks of all living organisms. 2. Cell Theory ○ All living things are made up of cells. ○ The cell is the basic unit of life....

Study Guide: Unit 1 – Cell-ebrations Key Concepts 1. Definition of Cells ○ Smallest self-sustaining units of life. ○ Basic building blocks of all living organisms. 2. Cell Theory ○ All living things are made up of cells. ○ The cell is the basic unit of life. ○ All cells arise from pre-existing cells. 3. Microscopy ○ Light Microscope: Views living cells, produces colored images, lower magnification and resolution. ○ Electron Microscope: Views ultrastructure, higher magnification and resolution, only for non-living specimens, produces black-and-white images. 4. Types of Cells ○ Prokaryotic Cells: No nucleus, DNA in a loop, smaller ribosomes (70S), no membrane-bound organelle, pili, and nucleoid. ○ Eukaryotic Cells: Nucleus, larger ribosomes (80S), membrane-bound organelles, complex structure. 5. Characteristics of Life ○ Metabolism, Growth, Reproduction, Homeostasis, Response to stimuli, Excretion, Nutrition. 6. Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms ○ Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism. 7. Organelles and Functions ○ Nucleus: Stores genetic information. ○ Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP). ○ Chloroplast: Photosynthesis (in plants). ○ Ribosomes: Protein synthesis. ○ Cell Wall: Protection and structure (plants and prokaryotes). ○ Plasma Membrane: Regulates material entry and exit. Key Processes  1. Metabolism ○ Anabolism: Builds complex molecules (e.g., photosynthesis). ○ Catabolism: Breaks down molecules (e.g., respiration). 2. Cellular Respiration ○ Aerobic: Requires oxygen, high ATP yield, produces water and carbon dioxide. ○ Anaerobic: No oxygen, low ATP yield, produces lactic acid (in humans) or ethanol (in yeast). 3. Photosynthesis ○ Converts light energy to glucose in plants. ○ Limiting factors: Light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature. Comparison Tables Feature Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Absent Present Organelles Non-membrane-bound Membrane-bound Ribosomes 70S 80S Feature Light Electron Microscope Microscope Magnification Up to 400x Up to 1,000,000x Resolution Low High Image Type Colored Black-and-white Living Specimens Yes No Study Tips Draw and label diagrams of prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells. Practice comparing features of cell types and microscopes. Memorize life processes and organelle functions. Review aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis limiting factors. Activities Complete a timeline of contributions to cell theory. Create a Venn diagram comparing microscopes.  Research life processes of a unicellular organism.