Biology Chapter: Cells and Cell Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of life according to cell theory?

  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Cell (correct)
  • Tissue

Which type of microscope can be used to view living cells?

  • Light Microscope (correct)
  • Scanning Electron Microscope
  • Transmission Electron Microscope
  • Ultraviolet Microscope

What characteristic of life involves maintaining stable internal conditions?

  • Reproduction
  • Growth
  • Homeostasis (correct)
  • Response to stimuli

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process breaks down glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen?

<p>Aerobic respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells?

<p>They have smaller ribosomes than eukaryotic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

<p>To convert light energy into glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization comes directly after cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>Tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are cells?

Cells are the smallest units of life that can exist independently. They are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.

What is cell theory?

Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Light Microscope

A light microscope uses visible light to illuminate and magnify specimens. It can be used to view living cells and produces colored images, but has lower magnification and resolution compared to electron microscopes.

Electron Microscope

An electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to illuminate and magnify specimens. It provides much higher magnification and resolution than a light microscope, but can only be used to view non-living specimens and produces black-and-white images.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are simple cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA is located in a circular loop called a nucleoid, they have smaller ribosomes, and they often have pili for movement.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have larger ribosomes and a much more elaborate structure compared to prokaryotic cells.

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Anabolism

Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy. Examples include photosynthesis in plants.

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Catabolism

Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Examples include cellular respiration.

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Study Notes

Cells

  • Smallest self-sustaining units of life
  • Basic building blocks of all living organisms

Cell Theory

  • All living things are made up of cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of life
  • All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Microscopy

  • Light microscopes view living cells, produce colored images, have low magnification and resolution
  • Electron microscopes view ultrastructure of cells, produce black and white images, have higher magnification and resolution, only for non-living specimens.

Types of Cells

  • Prokaryotic cells:
    • No nucleus
    • DNA in a loop
    • Smaller ribosomes (70S)
    • Lack membrane-bound organelles
    • Pili and nucleoid present
  • Eukaryotic cells:
    • Nucleus
    • Larger ribosomes (80S)
    • Membrane-bound organelles
    • Complex structure

Characteristics of Life

  • Metabolism
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Homeostasis
  • Response to stimuli
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition

Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms

  • Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

Organelles and Functions

  • Nucleus: Stores genetic information
  • Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP)
  • Chloroplast: Photosynthesis (in plants)
  • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
  • Cell Wall: Protection and structure (plants and prokaryotes)
  • Plasma Membrane: Regulates material entry and exit

Metabolism

  • Anabolism: Builds complex molecules (e.g. photosynthesis)
  • Catabolism: Breaks down molecules (e.g. respiration)

Cellular Respiration

  • Aerobic: Requires oxygen, high ATP yield, produces water and carbon dioxide
  • Anaerobic: No oxygen required, low ATP yield, produces lactic acid (humans), or ethanol (yeast)

Photosynthesis

  • Converts light energy into glucose in plants
  • Limiting factors include light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperature

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Comparison

Feature Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus Absent Present
Organelles Non-membrane-bound Membrane-bound
Ribosomes 70S 80S

Microscopy Comparison

Feature Light Microscope Electron Microscope
Magnification Up to 400x Up to 1,000,000x
Resolution Low High
Image Type Colored Black and white
Living Specimens Yes No

Study Tips

  • Draw and label diagrams of prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.
  • Practice comparing cell types and microscopes.
  • Memorize life processes and organelle functions.
  • Review aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis limiting factors.

Activities

  • Complete a timeline of contributions to cell theory.
  • Create a Venn diagram comparing microscopes.
  • Research unicellular organism life processes.

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Description

Explore the foundational concepts of cells, including their structure, types, and the principles of cell theory. This quiz covers the characteristics of life, microscopy techniques, and the levels of organization in multicellular organisms. Test your knowledge about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their roles in living systems.

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