Science Test Study Guide PDF

study guide for: Science Test~ 1. How is the PTE organized? By atomic number from the smallest elements on top to the largest elements on the bottom of the PTE. 2. What did each scientist do to contribute to the modern atomic theory? Dmitri Mendeleev = the first creator of the period...

study guide for: Science Test~ 1. How is the PTE organized? By atomic number from the smallest elements on top to the largest elements on the bottom of the PTE. 2. What did each scientist do to contribute to the modern atomic theory? Dmitri Mendeleev = the first creator of the periodic table of elements. Democritus = Matter is composed of tiny particles. He called them Atomos. Antoine Lavoisier = The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of elements remains the same even if it changes shape or form. James Dalton = Elements exist as discrete packets of matter. Each element is its own packet or type of matter. JJ Thomson = Used cathode ray tubes and found the negatively charged particle / electron he called corpussles. He came up with the plum pudding model to show how he thought electrons were distributed inside an atom. Ernest Rutherford = Proved that atoms have a positively charged, dense center, called the nucleus. He used the gold foil experiment to prove this. Niels Bohr = Proposed the planetary model that states electrons reside in their own energy levels and fill in from the inside shell to the outer shells Werner Heisenberg = The father of quantum theory. He proposed that the electron was both a wave and a particle. He created the term called the Uncertainty principle that states that you can know an electron's position or its speed/vtgelocity but you can not know both at the same time. 3. Read a PTE square and identify the atomic number, element symbol, element name, and the atomic mass of the element. 4. a, What are the 3 models of atoms we learned about? b, Identify why we learned each model a. Standard Atomic Model, Planetary Model, Lewis Model b. Focuses on the Nucleus, Focuses on the valence electron shells and energy levels, and focuses the number of valence electrons. 5. How do you find the correct number of: a. Protons: The atomic number. b. Neutrons: The atomic number subtracte`d from the atomic mass. c. Electrons: The atomic number / same # as protons. 6. What are the charges and masses in AMU for each sub-atomic particle we talked about? Protons neutrons, and electrons. a. Protons: Mass of 1 AMU and Charge of +1 b. Neutrons: Mass of 1 AMU and Charge of 0 c. Electrons: Mass of 1/2000 AMU and Charge of -1 7. Identify which element you are looking at by looking at a particular atomic model. 8. Where is each PTE family located on the Periodic table of elements? 9. Know what each PTE family have in common in terms of reactivity and valence electrons. 10. What is the definition of regular electrons versus valence electrons? Valence electrons occupy the outermost shell or highest energy level of an atom while core electrons are those occupying the innermost shell or lowest energy levels.