Science 10 Chemistry Unit Review - PDF

# Chemistry Unit - Review 9 - Periodic Table/Atomic Theory/Bohr ## Section 3: Use the Periodic Table to Predict the Properties of a Family of Elements 1. Which family is unreactive and stable? Why are they that way? Alkali metals because they have one valence electron 2. How many valence el...

# Chemistry Unit - Review 9 - Periodic Table/Atomic Theory/Bohr ## Section 3: Use the Periodic Table to Predict the Properties of a Family of Elements 1. Which family is unreactive and stable? Why are they that way? Alkali metals because they have one valence electron 2. How many valence electrons are in each family? * Alkali metals: One * Alkaline Earth metals: Two * Halogens: Seven * Noble gases: Eight 3. If you lose 2 electrons, what charge will you have on the new ion? What family would you be part of? Alkaline earth metals 4. a) What is the most reactive metal? What family can it be found in? Cesium Alkali metals b) What is the most reactive non-metal? What family can it be found in? Fluorine Halogens ## Section 4: Atomic Theory and Ions 1. What is the charge of the 3 sub-atomic particles? Positive, negative, nothing 2. What particle determines the charge of the nucleus? Protons 3. Name the 2 sub-atomic particles that are present in equal number in each atom. Protons, electrons 4. Fill in the table: | Element | Atomic Number | Number of Protons | Number of Electrons | Ion? Yes or No | |---|---|---|---|---| | Pb | 82 | 82 | 82 | No | | O | 8 | 8 | 10 | Yes | | Zn | 30 | 30 | 30 | No | | Fe | 26 | 26 | 26 | No | | Ag | 47 | 47 | 47 | No | | Cl | 17 | 17 | 17 | No | | F | 9 | 9 | 10 | Yes | | P | 15 | 15 | 15 | No | | Ca2+ | 20 | 20 | 18 | Yes | ## Section 5: Ions 1. Complete the following table regarding metal and non-metal ions | Ion Name | Ion Symbol | #p+ | #e- | Lost or gain | Ion has same e- # and charge as which Noble Gas | # of e- | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Aluminum ion | Al3+ | 13 | 13 | +3 | Neon | 10 | | Lithium ion | Li+ | 3 | 3 | +1 | Helium | 2 | | Sulfur ion | S2- | 16 | 16 | -2 | Argon | 18 | | Nitrogen ion | N3- | 7 | 7 | -3 | Neon | 10 | 2. Define multivalent Have more than one possible ion charge ## Some Examples | Atom Symbol | Multivalent Ion | Ion | |---|---|---| | Fe | Can lose 2 or 3 electrons to become | Fe2+ Fe3+ | | Au | can lose 3 or 1 electrons | Au3+ Aut+ | | Mn | can lose 2, 3 or 4 electrons | Mn2+ Mn3+ Mn4+ | ## Section 6: Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds 1. Ionic bonds are made of a Metal and a non-metal 2. Covalent bonds are made of non metals 3. State if the formula is lonic (I) or Covalent (C) * Selenium difluoride (SeF2) _C_ * magnesium phosphide (Mg3P2) _I_ * sodium chloride (NaCl) _I_ * lead (IV) sulphide (Pb2S4) _I_ * diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) _C_ * lithium nitride (Li3N) _I_ ## Section 7: The Organization of the Periodic Table of Elements 1. On the table below, number the groups 1-18 across the top, number the periods 1-7 down on the left, label the alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, noble gases. Lightly shade with different colours: the metals, metalloids, and non-metals and label them. Put in each box JUST the atomic number and symbol of the first 36 elements. ``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 H He 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 6 Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og ``` 2. a) What side of the Periodic Table are metals located? Left b) What side of the Periodic Table are non-metals located? Right c) Where are metalloids located on the Periodic Table? Down the stair-step line 3. What information is in each box on the periodic table? * Atomic Number * Atomic Symbol 4. The atomic number is equal to the number of __protons__ in each element. 5. The number of protons is equal to the number of __electrons__ found in a neutral atom. 6. What element has 55 electrons? Caesium 7. The atomic mass (or mass number) = # of protons + # of neutrons + # of electrons 8. Complete the following table: | Element | Protons | Neutrons | Mass Number | |---|---|---|---| | Argon | 18 | 22 | 40 | | Selenium | 34 | 45 | 79 | 9. A family of elements is found __horizontally__ on the periodic table. and a period of elements is found __left to right__ on the periodic table. 10. What are the four chemical families we have discussed about in Science 9? * Alkali metals * Alkaline earth metals * Halogens * Noble gases. ## Section 2: Distinguish between Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids 1. What are the properties of metals and non-metals? ### Metals * Malleable * Conduct heat and electricity ### Non-metals * Brittle * Poor conductors ## What causes reactions in elements? Movement of electrons. ## What are valence electrons? Electrons on the outer shell ## a) Do metals gain or lose electrons? Lose ## b) What charge is on metals when they gain or lose electrons? ++ ## a) Do non-metals gain or lose electrons? Gain ## b) What charge is on non-metals when they gain or lose electrons? --