Study Guide FINAL EXAM 2 PDF

Chapter 3 ANTIGEN CAPTURE, PROCESSING, AND PRESENTATION TO LYMPHOCYTES Chapter 4 ANTIGEN RECOGNITION IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM 4 o For a BCR the heavy chains function is to deliver intracellular signals following antigen recognition. o What best describes the antigen receptors of naive B cells t...

Chapter 3 ANTIGEN CAPTURE, PROCESSING, AND PRESENTATION TO LYMPHOCYTES Chapter 4 ANTIGEN RECOGNITION IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM 4 o For a BCR the heavy chains function is to deliver intracellular signals following antigen recognition. o What best describes the antigen receptors of naive B cells that have not yet encountered antigen? The antigen receptors of naive B lymphocytes, which are mature B cells that have not encountered antigen, are membrane-bound IgM and IgD. o What best describes the application of Edward Jenner using cowpox virus to protect humans against smallpox virus? Cross Reaction, cowpox virus antibodies cross react to antigens of smallpox virus o Antibodies produced against one antigen may bind other, structurally similar antigens. Such binding to similar epitopes is called a cross-reaction. o What is correct about the gene arrangement of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes? Immunoglobulin heavy genes are expressed before light genes are expressed. Comprised of one variable domain with VDJ segments; and three constant domains AFTER Heavy gene recombination à THEN light chain recombination o The heavy genes are arranged from 5’ to 3’ on chromosome 14 locus: Many variable (V) gene segments DNA segments that encode the variable domain of the protein Many diversity (D) gene segmentson heavy gene locus only (D segments not found on light chain loci) Multiple Joining (J) gene segments Multiple Constant (C) gene segments- Downstream DNA coding segments that do not vary in sequence among different clones; constant proteins are not involved in antigen binding. o What is correct about the gene arrangement of Kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes? Immunoglobulin heavy genes are expressed before light genes are expressed. NO D REGIONS IN LIGHT CHAIN GENES. Chromosome 2 (κ). Κ chain starts rearranging first, as an iterative process. o What is correct about introns in immunoglobulin genes? In the germline, inherited antigen receptor gene loci contain coding segments (exons, shown as colored blocks of various sizes) that are separated by segments that are not expressed (introns, shown as gray sections). Mature mRNA (exons only, after introns removed). o How does combinatorial diversity occur? Receptors of different specificities are generated by different rearrangement combinations of V, D, and J gene segments. Combinatorial diversity is limited by the number of available V, D, and J gene segments. o In what area of the body are B cells undergoing VDJ recombination? B cells undergo V(D)J recombination in the bone marrow. This happens during early stages of B cell development (Maturation).