BIO230 Lecture 9: Protein Sorting PDF

BIO230 Section 1: Regulation of Genome Expression Lecture 9: Protein Sorting BIO230H1F: From Genes to Organisms Prof. Kenneth W. Yip, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto...

BIO230 Section 1: Regulation of Genome Expression Lecture 9: Protein Sorting BIO230H1F: From Genes to Organisms Prof. Kenneth W. Yip, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Fall 2024 Hematopoiesis BIO230 Section 1 Lecture 9: Protein Sorting Pg. 683-686 The Compartmentalization of Cells Protein Sorting to… All Eukaryotic Cells Have the Same Basic Set of Membrane- 1. The Nucleus Enclosed Organelles Pg. 694-697 Proteins Can Move Between Compartments in Different Ways 2. Mitochondria Sorting Signals and Sorting Receptors Direct Proteins to the 3. Chloroplasts Correct Cell Address Pg. 723 Peroxisomes 4. Peroxisomes Pg. 726-730 The Transport of Proteins Into Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Translocation into Mitochondria Depends on Signal Sequences and Protein Translocators Readings (Alberts et al.): Mitochondrial Proteins Are Imported Post-translationally as Unfolded Polypeptide Chains All listed on Quercus Pg. 735-742 The Transport of Molecules Between the Nucleus and the Cytosol Nuclear Pore Complexes Perforate the Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Localization Signals Direct Proteins to the Nucleus Nuclear Import Receptors Bind to Both Nuclear Localization Signals and NPC Proteins The Ran GTPase Imposes Directionality on Nuclear Import Through NPCs Nuclear Export Works Like Nuclear Import, but in Reverse Transport Through NPC’s Can Be Regulated by Controlling Access BIO230 Lectureto 1-9the Transport Machinery 2 Regulation of Genome Expression Genome Transcriptome Proteome Post-Transcriptional Post-Translational DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein Sorting Organization Splicing Localization Metabolome Interactome BIO230 Lecture 1-9 3 Review: “Typical” Animal Cell = animal-specific BIO230 Lecture 1-9 4 Review: “Typical” Animal Cell = plant-specific Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Mitochondria Plasma membrane BIO230 Lecture 1-9 5 Protein Sorting movement of proteins: within cell from different compartments out of cell into cell protein synthesis is initiated on ribosomes in cytosol proteins must be sorted to the correct location BIO230 Lecture 1-9 6 Protein Sorting and Protein Synthesis 1. Post-Translational Process proteins fully synthesized in the cytosol before sorting Unfolded: mitochondria, plastids Folded: nucleus, peroxisomes Nucleus mRNA 2. Co-Translational Process ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) proteins with ER Signal Sequence protein ER associated with ER during protein synthesis membrane synthesis BIO230 Lecture 1-9 7 Protein Sorting: Mechanisms gated transport transmembrane transport requires protein translocators vesicular transport vesicles move protein between compartments BIO230 Lecture 1-9 8 Protein Sorting: Gated Transport 1. Gated Transport proteins moving between cytosol and nucleus Nuclear Pore Complex selective transport of macromolecules free diffusion of small molecules (