STS-Unit-VIII PDF

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City ISO 9001:2015 Certified College of Arts and Sciences Mathematics and Science Department Module in...

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City ISO 9001:2015 Certified College of Arts and Sciences Mathematics and Science Department Module in SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY UNIT VIII. THE INFORMATION AGE Danny O. Alfonso Cristo Mark D. Ancheta Roel S. Ang Leonardo M. Aquino Bryan Joshua V. Bacani Joseph R. Del Carmen Jaynelle G. Domingo Angel Joyce C. Fajardo Gian Carlo S. Gaetos Alpha B. Gumayagay Jewell Ann P. Manabat Darwin U. Ong Olympia O. Riogelon Julius Jay N. Rodriguez Janina C. Sercenia Glenda R. Tandingan Diwata Y. Villaflor 1 This module is a property of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Overview This module introduces you to Information Age. The brief description and history of the information age start the first part of this module. It also provides information about modern technologies' role in addressing the needs of humans and society. You will even understand how technology, as a recent revolution in the world's communication system, influences humans' lives. Modern technologies have successfully turned the world into a global village. Although it is costly to develop in an organization fully, its usefulness is valuable to all sectors of a human. Learning Objectives: At the end of the unit, I am able to: 1. link learned concepts to the development of the information age and its impact on society; and 2. explain the importance of the social media sites and other applications to modern day living. 2 Setting Up Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Directions: Innovations and emerging technology are transforming the world and the everyday lives of each and every one of us. Those are inevitable in our everyday lives. This is because life without technology is useless in today's complex world. But can you imagine your life without technology? How can you spend a day without technology? Write your insight/s about these two questions. Explain what society would lose if there is no technology? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Lesson Proper Introduction to Information Age Technology has had a tremendous influence in the twentieth century as it has made life simpler for people. The evolution of technology has shaped society in both positive and negative ways. Humans all over the world are using and learning from new technology. Technology is relevant to ease access to many of the resources people need in education, medicine, communication, transport, etc. Modern technology is it is about ensuring face-to-face communication. It is all about efficiency and speed. Communication or exchanging information is essential to humans and society due to a wide array of reasons. However, it can be limited by: (1) Distance, (2) Time, and (3) Location. The attempts of humans to address these limitations of communication led to the development of different new technologies. Technologies were affected by the social, political, and economic role of information. It leads to the so- called Information or Digital Revolutions. The Information Age, also called Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age, is a pre-historic period in the 21st Century. It is characterized by the rapid shift from the traditional industry brought about by the Industrial Revolution through industrialization to the information technology-based economy. The recurrence of the Information Age linked to the Digital or Information Revolution (Bueno, 2019). History of the Information Age The start of the information revolution was made possible by the invention of language writing and printing. These inventions greatly improved how humans exchange information and communicate. From these, early and primitive forms of information and communication technology were developed. The following were ways of exchanging information in the past: drum rolls, fire signals, hand signals, use of pigeons, use of flags, and papyrus. Many of these exchanging information in the past are still in use today. However, they remain to have limitations. The importance of the information revolution is to address the barriers of communications. First Information Revolution The First Information Revolution began in the mid-nineteenth century with the invention of the Telegraph, the telephone, and radio. 1. Telegraph Samuel Morse (1791-1872) developed Telegraph in the 1830s and 1840s; the Telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over the wire between the stations. In addition to helping to invent the Telegraph, Samuel Morse created a code (bearing his name) that allocated a series of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed complex messages to get transmitted across telegraph lines. (History.com Editors, 2019). The Telegraph played an essential role during the American Civil War. The US government used it to communicate reports of military information, command, and intelligence to troops. Diplomatic offices in Europe have also used this to describe with other countries. It facilitated more accessible liaison and communication between countries. 2. Telephone It was a time of 1876–1877 when Johann Philip Rels developed the first telephonic device. However, alexander Graham Bell credited for the invention of the telephone. The telephone is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the human voice. The phone is simple to operate, inexpensive, and offers its users an immediate and personal communication type that can not be obtained from any other medium. As a result, it has become the most widely used telecommunications device in the world (David, 2020). 4  3. Radio In 1895, while living in the attic of his parents, a young Italian named Gugliemo Marconi discovered what he called "the wireless telegraph" He used electromagnetic waves to relay Morse code. It became known as the wireless instrument he used. Radio owes its development to the first information revolution to two other inventions: the Telegraph and the telephone. These three technologies are closely related, and radio technology, in reality, began as "wireless telegraphy" (Bellis, 2019). According to Bellis (2019), in 1915, the speech was the first broadcast from New York City to San Francisco and across the Atlantic Ocean, via radio. Five years later, KDKA-Pittsburgh, from Westinghouse, broadcast the Harding-Cox election returns and started a regular radio program schedule. Radio networks and stations eventually established in the US and Europe. The military used radios during the World Wars. After the wars, the radio played a crucial part in the development of the broadcasting (news) and the music industries. Second Information Revolution The Second Information Revolution further improved communication due to the invention of television, the first generation of computers, and satellites. 1. Television Television is one of the 20th Century's most influential technologies. It has become one of the essential ways in which people perceive the broader world around them, as well as one of the best ways in which people can escape the planet. A German scientist created static moving pictures in the 1880s using a filtered light that was viewed through a rotating disk, setting the groundwork for modern television. During the 1920s, many scientists started experimenting with using radio waves to transmit still pictures. The system gradually improved upon During the 30s and 40s. In America, the first frequent broadcasts began in 1939. after the Second World War that television began to take off as a standard home appliance. Sales of Television in America skyrocketing since 1945. In 1954 the first color broadcast was achieved. Television arrived years later in the rest of the world, and it wasn't until the late 1960s that television became popular in houses throughout the West. TV had become the dominant media power it is today by the 1970s, with 24-hour programming, mass advertisements, and syndicated shows. Satellite television in the 1980s shrunk the globe, allowing live feeds from other countries and time zones. The new millennium has brought the rise of digital video, which is television's future. 2. Computers The early computer development was due to military needs. Between 1939 and 1942, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry designed the world's first digital-electronic computer at Iowa State University. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer reflected many computer advances, including a binary arithmetic system, parallel processing, regenerative memory, and memory and computing separation functions. 1839 when Allan Turing developed The first fully functioning electronic digital computer, which was named Colossus. During World War II, computers used to decode nazi war codes (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006). 5  3. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) In 1946 the first to patent a digital computing system, the ENIAC machine, was Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. The problem with ENIAC and other computers of the first generation was that they used vacuum tubes that produced a lot of heat, causing it to overheat or flame out. 4. Transistors The three individuals credited with the transistor's invention were William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain. This invention helps to address the problem of overheating. ROHM (2019), has stated that the transistor development was an enormous advancement in the electronics sector. It marked the start of the current epoch in the electronics sector. After the transistor's invention, advances in technology became more common, with computer technology being the most notable of these. 5. Integrated Circuits The development of new computer technology is crucial because it showed the convergence of government, military, and industry cooperation in innovation making. The invention of integrated circuits has contributed to the development of third-generation computers. 6. Satellites A satellite is an object that orbits or circles around a more significant object in space. Natural such as the Earth's orbiting moon and artificial such as the Earth's orbiting International Space Station are the two types of satellites (Howell, 2017). The first artificial satellite was Sputnik, a Russian beach-ball-size space probe that lifted off on October 04, 1957. It marks the beginning of the so-called Space Age. The SCORE or Signal Communications by Orbiting Relay Equipment in 1958, the military launched its first satellite in the US. Satellites, too, have changed the way we see the world around us. The corporate world exploded into space when Syncom 3, the first civilian telecommunications satellite with its live broadcasts of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, created a sensation (Gottschalk, 2017). Early Bird, also known as Intelsat I, the world's first commercial communications satellite, was designed by Hughes Aircraft Company's Space and Communications Division, and later by Hughes Space and Communications Company, for the Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT). On April 06, 1965, the satellite launched into synchronous orbit. (Gunter's Space Page, 2017). Third Information Revolution The technologies of the first two Information Revolutions paved the way for more techniques and innovations, which led to the Third Information Revolution. The following are the leading technologies of the Third Information Revolution: 1. Semiconductors Semiconductors are essential technology which significantly enhanced the ability to store, process, and advertising information. The memory capacity increased substantially in 2017 from 10,000 bits of information in 1978 to 160 trillion bits because of the semiconductors. 2. Microprocessors A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC), integrating critical functions in the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It is a programmable silicon chip with multipurpose, clock- driven, register-based, accepts binary data as input, and provides output after processing as per the instructions stored in the memory (Ligo, 2018). 6 3. Fourth Generation Computers The Very Large Integrated Scale (VLSI) circuits were used in the fourth Generation Computers from 1971 to 1980. VLSI circuits with approximately 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip have made it possible to have microcomputers of the fourth generation. Fourth-generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, the Revolution of Personal Computers ( PCs) arose. Time-sharing, real-time networks, and distributed operating systems have been used in this Century (Tutorials Point, 2020). 4. Fifth Generation Computers The Fifth Generation Computers are the most advanced and current computer generation, which started around 1981. These are highly reliable and use the technology of ULSI or Ultra Large Scale Integration. Such computer systems are at the frontiers of modern scientific calculations. They are used to create the components of Artificial Intelligence or AI, which will be able to think for themselves (Toppr, 2019). 5. Fiber Optics Fiber optics (known as optical fibers) that consist of incredibly thin glass or plastic strands. One cable of the fiber optic can have as few as two strands or as many as several hundred. Every strand is less than a tenth as thick as a human hair and can hold something like 25,000 phone calls, making it easy for a whole fiber-optic cable to carry several million calls (Woodford, 2018). 6. Cellular Technology Transmitters and receivers are usually large, heavy and awkward to carry or move. These problems led to the development of cellular technology. Cellular technologies led to the development of a mobile phone. It is made to ease communication among individuals. According to Techopedia (2017), a cellular telephone is a telecommunication device that uses radio waves over a networked area (cells). It is served at a fixed location via a cell site or base station, enabling calls to be transmitted wirelessly across a wide range, to a fixed landline or via the Internet. 2. Satellite Technologies Satellite technologies also helped to create a global connectivity network. They used mobile, television, and weather and climate devices. Satellites have allowed the worldwide broadcast of events, shows, international teleconferencing, international telephone calls, and other types of global connectivity. 3. Internet The Internet seems to have a significant impact on almost every facet of our lives, building whole new worlds of cultures and allowing us to access knowledge and ideas on a scale we've never dreamed of before (kwach, 2018). According to Techopedia (2019), Email, web-enabled audio/video conferencing services, online movies, and gaming, data transfer / file-sharing, often through File Transfer Protocol ( FTP), instant messaging, Internet forums, social networking, online shopping, financial services, and digital transmission are some of the following services that make the Internet the most cost-effective means of communication in the world. The main goal for today is to develop a fully integrated, high-speed, and high capacity network. 4. Digital Transmission Digital transmission developed to improve communication. Digital transmission is the transmission of information in the form of digital signals through a physical communication medium. Therefore, analog signals must be digitized first before they are transmitted (Rafsanjani, 2018). 7 Impact of the Information Age The advancement of technology in everyday life and social organization has contributed to the modernization of information and communication systems due to social development's driving force (Bueno, 2019). he information age has the following positive impacts: (1) It enabled more excellent connectivity of people around the world.; (2) It made many aspects of day to day more convenient.; (3) It created online communities.; (4) It made information more accessible. The following are the negative impacts of the information age: (1) Much information is false and misleading.; (2) It allowed the conduct of crimes and illegal activities. (3) It created a "Digital Divide." (4) It affected human productivity and flourishing. References Bellis, M. (2019, May 11). ThoughtCo. Retrieved from The History of Radio Technology: https://www.thoughtco.com/invention-of-radio-1992382 Bueno, D. C. (2019). Science, Technology and Society. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. David, B. (2020). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/telephone Gottschalk, K. (2017, October 10). World Economic Forum. Retrieved from Here's how satellites have changed the modern world: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/10/heres-how-satellites-have-changed- the-modern-world Gunter's Space Page. (2017, November 12). Retrieved from https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat- 1.htm Hints, H. (2011, February 08). Fallon Solutions. Retrieved from A Brief History Of Television: https://www.fallonsolutions.com.au/Handy_Hints/a-brief-history-of-television History.com Editors. (2019, June 06). Retrieved from Morse Code & the Telegraph: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/telegraph Howell, E. (2017, October 27). Space.com. Retrieved from What is a Satellite?: https://www.space.com/24839- satellites.html kwach, J. (2018, January 22). Tuko. Retrieved from Importance of Internet in our life and education: https://www.tuko.co.ke/263579-importance-internet-our-life.html Ligo, G. (2018, April 05). ElectroSome. Retrieved from https://electrosome.com/microprocessor/ Rafsanjani, K. (2018, February 06). CCM. Retrieved from Introduction to Digital Transmission: https://ccm.net/contents/703-data-transmission-digital-data-transmission ROHM. (2019). Retrieved from History of Transistors: https://www.rohm.com/electronics- basics/transistors/history-of-transistors Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2006, June 09). Retrieved from The Modern History of Computing: https://www.plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history Techopedia. (2017, January 05). Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/6413/cellular- phone Techopedia. (2019, August 30). Retrieved from Internet: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2419/internet Toppr. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com/guides/computer-aptitude-and-knowledge/basics-of- computers/generations-of-computers/ Tutorials Point. (2020). Retrieved from Learn Computer Fundamentals: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_fourth_generation Woodford, C. (2018, September 26). Explain that Stuff. Retrieved from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/fiberoptics.html 8 Assessing Learning Activity 20 Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Score: _______________________ Directions: Answer the following questions by writing on spaces provided. 1. Identify ten (10) applications that could be useful in your daily life as a student. Explain the importance and uses of those applications. a. ______________________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________________________________ e. ______________________________________________________________________________ f. ______________________________________________________________________________ g. ______________________________________________________________________________ h. ______________________________________________________________________________ i. ______________________________________________________________________________ j. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Discuss how the community teaching/learning Science can be enhanced with use of information technologies. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Identify two other technological advancements during the present time and describe how each of them contributes to societal development. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Activity 21 Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Score: _______________________ Directions: To better appreciate the influence and importance of technology to our daily lives, let us do an activity called “Timing Your Technology”. List all technologies that you use every hour, and state your purpose of using this technology. You should start from 6:00 AM until 7:00 PM. Use the table below to take note how long or how frequent you use each technology. Make a reflection about this activity. PURPOSE OF USING TIME TECHNOLOGY YOU USED THIS TECHNOLOGY 6:00-7:00 7:00-8:00 8:00-9:00 9:00-10:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-1:00 1:00-2:00 2:00-3:00 3:00-4:00 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00 Reflection: