Filipino Scientist Midterm Exam Reviewer PDF

**Filipino Scientist** Here's a simplified and organized bullet summary of the notable Filipino scientists and their contributions: - **Alfredo Lagmay (Psychology)** - Father of Philippine Psychology - Advocated for Indigenous Psychology and Behavioral Studies - **Edgardo Gomez...

**Filipino Scientist** Here's a simplified and organized bullet summary of the notable Filipino scientists and their contributions: - **Alfredo Lagmay (Psychology)** - Father of Philippine Psychology - Advocated for Indigenous Psychology and Behavioral Studies - **Edgardo Gomez (Marine Science)** - Pioneer in Coral Reef Conservation - Established Marine Protected Areas - **Gavino Trono (Marine Botany)** - Father of Philippine Seaweed Science - Promoted Sustainable Seaweed Farming - **Geminiano de Ocampo (Ophthalmology)** - Founder of the Philippine Eye Bank - Developed the Corneal Dissector for eye health - **Gregorio Velasquez (Phycology)** - Father of Philippine Phycology - Researched Blue-Green Algae for fisheries and agriculture - **Dr. Caesar Saloma (Physics)** - Specialized in Optics, Signal Processing, and Biomedical Imaging - **Dr. Abelardo Aguilar (Pharmaceuticals)** - Discovered Erythromycin, a key antibiotic - **Dr. William Padolina (Chemistry)** - Developed Biopesticides for agriculture - **Diosdado Banatao (Engineering, Technology)** - Innovated the 16-bit Microprocessor and Single-Chip GUI Accelerator - **Dr. Lourdes Cruz (Biochemistry)** - Researched Marine Natural Products and Conotoxins - **Fe del Mundo (Pediatrics)** - Established the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines - Developed the incubator made from bamboo - **Dr. Juan Salcedo, Jr. (Public Health, Nutrition)** - Developed nutrition programs addressing malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies - **Dr. Alfredo Santos (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)** - Pioneered Natural Medicinal Products research in the Philippines - **Dr. Francisco Santos (Nutritionist)** - Studied the nutritional value of Filipino foods like rice and root crops - **Dr. Hilario Lara (Public Health)** - Father of Modern Public Health in the Philippines - Promoted vaccination and preventive healthcare - **Angel Alcala (Marine Biodiversity)** - Invented artificial coral reefs for fisheries conservation - **Rodolfo Aquino (Agronomy)** - Isolated nine rice breeds that prevented famine in Asia - **Julian Banzon (Biochemistry)** - Developed alternative fuels from sugarcane and coconut - **Gregorio Zara (Engineering, Physics)** - Invented the first videophone device (Photo Phone) - **Ramon Barba (Horticulture)** - Developed techniques to induce flowering in mango trees using chemicals Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Here's a simplified and bullet-form summary of the **Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** and key points from the document: **Meaning of SDGs:** - 17 global goals created by the United Nations - Aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity by 2030 - Focus on improving life for everyone without harming the Earth - Motto: **\"No one left behind\"** **Key SDGs:** 1. **No Poverty**: Ensure everyone has enough for basic needs. 2. **Zero Hunger**: End hunger and promote sustainable farming. 3. **Good Health and Well-Being**: Ensure healthy lives and access to healthcare. 4. **Quality Education**: Provide inclusive education for all. 5. **Gender Equality**: Empower women and achieve equality. 6. **Clean Water and Sanitation**: Ensure access to safe water and sanitation. 7. **Affordable and Clean Energy**: Provide sustainable energy for all. 8. **Decent Work and Economic Growth**: Promote sustainable growth and employment. 9. **Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure**: Build resilient infrastructure and foster innovation. 10. **Reduced Inequalities**: Decrease inequality within and between countries. 11. **Sustainable Cities and Communities**: Create safe, sustainable urban spaces. 12. **Responsible Consumption and Production**: Promote sustainable consumption and reduce waste. 13. **Climate Action**: Take urgent action to fight climate change. 14. **Life Below Water**: Protect oceans and marine life. 15. **Life on Land**: Preserve ecosystems and prevent biodiversity loss. 16. **Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions**: Build peaceful societies and strong institutions. 17. **Partnerships for the Goals**: Strengthen global partnerships for these goals. **Principles of Sustainable Development:** 1. **Conservation of Ecosystems and Environment** 2. **Conservation of Biodiversity** 3. **Sustainable Development of Society**: Promote social equity, economic growth, and community well-being. 4. **Conservation of Human Resources**: Focus on education, skill development, and healthcare. 5. **Population Control and Management**: Promote balanced demographic growth through family planning and policies. **Ancient , Middle and Modern Ages** **Ancient:** - Calligraphy - Wheelbarrow - Painting - Pottery - Compass - Value of Pi - Cuneiform **Middle:** - Gunpowder - Dark Ages - Printing Press **Modern:** - Spyglass - Telescope - MRI - Calculus - AI - Laws of Gravity - Internet - Light bulb - Radio - Electronic and computer era Kuhn's Model Kuhn\'s model, known as the Kuhn Cycle, explains how science evolves in cycles: 1. **Pre-science:** No dominant idea yet. 2. **Normal Science:** Scientists work within a shared theory. 3. **Crisis:** Problems arise with the current theory. 4. **Scientific Revolution:** New theory emerges to explain better. 5. **New Normal Science:** New theory becomes the norm. **Key Points:** - **Paradigms:** Shared beliefs in science. - **Incommensurability:** Different paradigms can\'t be directly compared. - **Scientific Revolutions:** Major shifts in scientific thinking. **Examples:** - **Copernican Revolution:** Earth no longer seen as the center of the universe. - **Darwinian Revolution:** Evolution by natural selection explained life diversity. - **Quantum Revolution:** Quantum mechanics changed our understanding of matter. **Criticism:** - Some say Kuhn focuses too much on revolutions and lacks objectivity. **Overall:** Kuhn\'s model shows how science progresses through normal periods and revolutionary changes, shaped by shared beliefs and major discoveries. Can you explain more about the concept of paradigms in Kuhn\'s model of scientific evolution? What are some examples of scientific revolutions that have occurred according to Kuhn\'s model? How do critics argue against Thomas Kuhn\'s model of scientific progress?