Science Technology & Society Module 1 PDF

Prepared by: DANIEL ISAIAH B. RAYMUNDO  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY T INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY...

Prepared by: DANIEL ISAIAH B. RAYMUNDO  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY T INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING 2 At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Describe science, technology, and TOPIC 1 society and their interactions. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS 2. Discuss how scientific and IN WHICH SOCIAL technological developments affect CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED society. THE COURSE OF SCIENCE 3. Identify paradigm shifts in history AND TECHNOLOGY brought by science and technology. It is a study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation. It is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world. The word ‘science’ came from the Latin word Scientia, meaning ‘knowledge.’ It is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to the change and manipulation of the human environment.  Society is a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things, and sharing the work that needs to be done The word ‘society’ was derived from the Latin word Socius, meaning ‘companionship or friendship’.  At the end of this topic, you should be able to: INTELLECTUAL 1. Identify scientists who have made REVOLUTIONS significant impacts in human THAT DEFINED history. SOCIETY 2. Define what is an intellectual and intellectual revolution. 3.Articulate ways on how intellectual revolutions defined societies.  GREATEST SCIENTIST who changed the WORLD   Student of Plato and a tutor to Alexander the Great  Genius Greek philosopher and scientist of the ancient age.  BIOLOGIST  ETHICIST  ZOOLOGICAL - Plant and Animal Specimen  POLITICAL SCIENTIST  Master of Rhetoric and Logic.  Made collections to the plant and animal specimens and classified them according to their characteristics which made a standard for future work  Elaborated and estimated the size of earth which Plato assumed to be globe.  Explained the chain of life through his study in flora and fauna where it turned from simple to more complex. ARISTOTLE (384 – 322 BC)  Regarded as the greatest mathematician ever  Mathematical Physics and Engineering widely used in machines as well as in constructions  One of the finest scientists who broke through in both theories and practice  He introduced infinitesimals and laid the foundation for calculus.  He gave descriptions on the first finite geometric progression, computed areas and volumes of sphere and parabolic segments.  He also discovered the laws of lever, density, fluid equilibrium, buoyancy in different fields statics and hydrostatics.  He is regarded as the prophet to the formal science that was started in Ancient Greece. “Give me a place to stand and I can move the whole world”, he said. ARCHIMEDES (287- 212 BC)   FATHER OF MODERN SCIENCE - Astronomy and Physics He also discovered the law of pendulum as he watched a chandelier swing in the cathedral of Pisa. He also discovered that the surface of moon was not smooth but contained burrows and holes to what he called crater. He also discovered 4 revolving moons around Jupiter which are named after him. He proved what Copernicus said about sun being the center of the solar system. Galileo became blind in his old days before he died  FIRST TELESCOPE GALILEO (1564- 1642 AD)  ELECTROMAGNETICS, INDUCTION AND ROTATION  ELECTRIC MOTOR  FARADAY RING  FIELD THEORY, DIAMAGNETIZATION AND THE MAGNETO-OPTICAL EFFECT.  HE ALSO WROTE BOOKS ON “EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES IN ELECTRICITY” AND THE “CHEMICAL HISTORY OF THE CANDLE”. Michael Faraday (1791- 1867)  “The Wizard of the Menlo Park”.  Both Scientist and Inventor  Has a 1093 inventions - batteries, phonographs,cement, mining, telegraphs, light and power. (He was seen working almost more than 20 hours a day.)  Improved the telescope  He pioneered the idea for storage batteries that was later used by Henry ford in his automobile.  “Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration” THOMAS ALVA EDISON (1847-1931)  FIRST Women to win Nobel Prize First Mobile X-Ray Radiation Known as the” Mother of Atom Bonds” MARIA SALOMEA CURIE (1867- 1934)   Science, Technology and Medicine  Chemistry and Microbiology  Fermentation - He also explained about biogenesis and proposed a theory named as the “Germ Theory”  Pasteurization  Cure for Fever  Vaccines for rabies and anthrax LOUIS PASTEUR (1822 - 1895) Law of Gravitation Theory of tides- pull from SUN, MOON and EARTH Reflecting Telescope Mechanics, Optics and Elements Sir ISAAC NEWTON (1643- 1727) Greatest Revolutionary Scientist Man of Century Father of Modern Physics - he developed the theory of relativity - E= mc2 Has been awarded NOBEL PRIZE in 1921 ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879- 1955)  8 Languages Recite a whole book completely with just one reading Generated AC current Hydroelectricity, Remote control, Neon NICOLO TESLA (1856- 1943) Lightening, Modern  WHAT ARE THE INTELLECTUAL (SCIENTIFIC) REVOLUTIONS KNOWN IN HISTORY? Copernican. This caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed in the heavens/universe. It is the idea that rejected Ptolemaic model (earth is the center of the solar system) and proved the heliocentric model (Sun is the center of the solar system having the earth revolving around it.) Darwinian. This has brought a great impact on how people approach Biology forever. This revolution provided a different than the "theory of Creation". The Darwinian revolution started when Charles Darwin published his book "The Origin of Species" which emphasized that humans are the result of an evolution. Freudian. This theory started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud. This includes the "Freudian Theory of Personality" which states that human development contributes to personality and also to "psychoanalysis" that is the process for achieving proper functioning if a person does not complete his/her developmental stage. Information. This was the era which technology has been prevalent. It is also known as the Computer Age that has brought so much change on how we are living today. Meso-American. It has contributed a lot of ideas or discoveries for Archaeology. The temples and pyramids left a lot about of Architecture that leads us to study more of it. Asian. The revolution itself taught Asian countries about freedom and independent nationhood along with the improvement brought by it internally. Middle East. The revolutions in the Middle East were a product of the development and growth of individual nationalism, imperialism, for the efforts to westernize and modernize Middle Eastern societies, and to push the declining power of the Ottoman Empire in the Arab region. African. The fight against colonialism and imperialism in Africa. At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Define nation-building in the perspective of science and technology. 2. Discuss the benefits of science and technology to several key sectors. 3. Describe the science and technology in developed and developing countries. 4. Cite provisions of the Constitution to the science and technology in the country. 5. Describe the roles of the Department of Science and Technology and its different attached institutes and related agencies. 6. Explain how science and technology enables the attainment of the Philippine Development Plan through a harmonized research and development agenda. 7. Name some Filipino national scientists and inventors. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING  WHAT IS NATION- BUILDING nation-building is all about the process of unifying people within a state so that that the state remains politically stable and economically viable. It is often used simultaneously with state building, democratization, modernization, political development, post conflict reconstruction, and peace building.  GOALS OF NATION-BUILDING To make a country’s economy firm, viable, stable, and prosperous Encourage a strong sense of national identity Create effective social institution  COMPONENTS OF NATION-BUILDING Economic Development Social Development Political Development Institutional Development S&T and Sectoral Development Health, Education, Military, Transportation, Communication, Fisheries, Aagriculture and Energy Sector.  State of S&T of Developed Nations United States, Canada, Germany, South Korea, Japan, Australia, and Israel will benefit the most from advances in science and technology, and they will be able to exploit technology regardless of its sophistication. 1. High R&D Investment: Developed nations typically invest heavily in R&D, with a significant portion of this investment coming from the private sector. The United States, for example, is the world's largest investor in R&D, with an annual investment of over $500 billion. 2. Highly Skilled Workforce: Developed nations have highly skilled workforces with a strong emphasis on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. This skilled workforce is critical to driving innovation and competitiveness in the global economy. 3. Robust Innovation Ecosystems: Developed nations have robust innovation ecosystems that support the development and commercialization of new technologies. These ecosystems typically include universities, research institutions, venture capital firms, and start-ups. 4. Focus on Emerging Technologies: Developed nations are often at the forefront of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and renewable energy. These technologies have the potential to transform industries, create new markets, and address global challenges. 5. Collaboration and Partnership: Developed nations often collaborate with international partners to advance S&T. This collaboration can take many forms, including joint research projects, technology transfer agreements, and international standards-setting initiatives.  State of S&T of Developing Nations The state of Science and Technology (S&T) in developing nations varies widely, with some countries making significant progress in advancing their S&T capabilities, while others struggle to keep up with the rapid pace of technological change. 1.Low Investment in R&D: Developing nations typically invest less in R&D compared to developed nations, with a smaller share of this investment coming from the private sector. This lack of investment can hinder the development of new technologies and limit the competitiveness of local industries. 2.Limited Skilled Workforce: Developing nations often have a limited pool of highly skilled workers, particularly in the areas of STEM. This shortage of skilled workers can limit the capacity for innovation and the ability to adopt new technologies. 3.Fragmented Innovation Ecosystems: Developing nations often have fragmented innovation ecosystems, with limited coordination between universities, research institutions, and the private sector. This lack of coordination can hinder the development and commercialization of new technologies. 4.Focus on Basic Research: Developing nations often focus on basic research, with less emphasis on applied research and product development. This focus on basic research can limit the potential for technology commercialization and economic development. 5.Dependence on Developed Nations: Developing nations often depend on developed nations for technology transfer and collaboration. This dependence can limit the ability of developing nations to develop their own S&T capabilities and can result in a lack of control over the use and dissemination of technology S&T affects the development of a nation. It enhances local economy, social changes, political stability, and institutional effectiveness. It supports the energy, agriculture, fisheries, communication, transportation, military, education, and health sector development that lead to national progress. Countries, both the developed and developing, have to depend on S&T for national development. If countries do not prioritize S&T in their national development programs, then their progress only become minimal. The advancement in S&T is synonymous to the modernity of a nation. 40  Up Next! STS and the Human Condition The Human Person flourishing in terms of science and technology. The Good Life When technology and humanity cross 41 Activity! Watch “Mankind: The History of All of Us” Episode 10 (Revolutions) in https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6ci9q6 and reflect on how science and technology impacted human history.  THANK YOU 43