STS Module 1 Lesson 2.pdf

Intellectual Revolution that define society BERNIE C. LECHUGA Lesson objectives Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud contributed to the spark of scientific revolution Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in Latin Amer...

Intellectual Revolution that define society BERNIE C. LECHUGA Lesson objectives Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud contributed to the spark of scientific revolution Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia, Middle East and Africa. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Science as an Idea DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Science as a body of knowledge DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Influences to science revolution Science ideas Human Society DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Variables that influence the development of science ideas, science discoveries and technology Creativity SCIENTISTS SCIENCE IDEAS Passion to Curiosity know SCIENCE DISCOVERIES Passion to Critical discover TECHNOLOGY Thinking DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Some intellectuals and their revolutionary ideas DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga The Philosophical Medieval View Aristotle & Ptolemy from Greece supported the Geocentric theory: Earth was an unmoving object located at the center of the universe- the sun and planets moved around the Earth Religion guided views too: Christianity taught that God had placed Earth at the center of the universe. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Geocentrism The geocentric model says that the earth is at the center of the cosmos or universe, and the planets, the sun and the moon, and the stars circles around it. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) Greek philosopher Developed geocentric model. He is sometimes called the grandfather of science. He studied under the great philosopher Plato and later started his own school, the Lyceum at Athens. He, too, believed in a geocentric Universe and that the planets and stars were perfect spheres though Earth itself was not. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Claudius Ptolemy (85AD – 165AD) Greek astronomer, mathematician & geographer Expanded Aristotle’s geocentric theory. Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician. He believed that the Earth was the center of the Universe. The word for earth in Greek is geo, so we call this idea a "geocentric" theory. Introduced trigonometry methods. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Scientific The idea of scientific revolution is claimed to have started in the early 16th century up to the 18th century in Europe. Scientific Revolution was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Causes of the Scientific Revolution The voyages of discovery and colonization Ancient & Medieval works translated into Latin, then vernacular languages New inventions & institutions that promoted sharing of knowledge DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Revolutionary astronomer A Polish mathematician and astronomer. developed his model of a Sun-centered universe. explained the daily and yearly motion of the sun and stars in the universe Earth is no different than any other planet DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Heliocentrism Heliocentric Model The center of the solar system is not the Earth but actually the sun Started the birth of modern astronomy/scientific revolution/ transformation of society’s thoughts and beliefs DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Uses experiments & observations Planetary movement is a mathematical formula Planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits NOT circles Confirms Copernicus ideas Kepler’s solar system from his Mysterium Cosmographicum , 1596 DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method. GALILEO – designs 1st telescope with lens & sees movement of stars & moons (similar to the movement of the planets) Gathered observational data that supported the Heliocentric Model DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Galileo sparked the birth of modern astronomy with his observations of the Moon, phases of Venus, moons around Jupiter, sunspots, and the news that seemingly countless individual stars make up the Milky Way Galaxy. Draft of a letter to Leonardo Donato, Doge of Venice, August, 1609, and Notes on the Moons of Jupiter, DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga January 1610  Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Universal law of motion  every object in universe attracts every other object First Law- "A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.“ Second Law-"The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration." Third Law-"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) - Explained gravity (what goes up must come down) Universe is a giant clock- all parts work together but God set clock in motion. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) First to dissect human bodies (even though a disapproved practice) Wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) His published observations included detailed drawings of human organs, bones & muscle. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga William Harvey (1578-1657) Published On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628) Showed heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout body DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Francis Bacon (1561-1626) English politician & writer with an interest in science. Criticized ancient philosophers on how they arrived at conclusions. Urged scientists to experiment in order to arrive at conclusions Developed Scientific Method DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga The Scientific Method Observation Research Hypothesis Experiment Analysis Conclusion DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga  Darwinian Revolution DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Charles Darwin (1809–1882) An English naturalist, biologist and geologist. All life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Published his book, On the Origin of Species. Complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga  Populations pass through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive. Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually changed into something that would be more competitive to survive - evolution DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga FREUDIAN REVOLUTION DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Sigmund Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Freud theory emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three conflicting elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga DLL-STS- Bernie C. Lechuga Thank You!