Intellectual Revolutions Defining Society PDF

LESSON 1 I N T E L L E C T U A L R E V O L U T I O N S T H AT DEFINED SOCIETY AS BEJOC INTRODUCTION This lesson will give light to the development of Science and scientific ideas in the heart of the society. The goal of this lesson is...

LESSON 1 I N T E L L E C T U A L R E V O L U T I O N S T H AT DEFINED SOCIETY AS BEJOC INTRODUCTION This lesson will give light to the development of Science and scientific ideas in the heart of the society. The goal of this lesson is to articulate ways by which society is transformed by Science and Technology.  SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Since time immemorial Science has always been interwoven with the society. Science is as old as the world itself. There is no individual that can identify when and where science began. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science is interwoven with the society. Example: 1. The earliest example of brain surgery goes back around 6thousand years ago in Cappadocia,Turkey. Trepanation- making an opening like a small round hole in the head.  SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 2. Thousand-year-old agricultural practice: China's solution to sustainable farming. The practice of raising fish in rice paddies by Chinese farmers, which is more than1,000 years old, not only preserves the environment but also benefits local communities, SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 3. MUMMIFICATION IN THE PHILIPPINES Mummification is a process of preserving a deceased human. Mummies are classified based on the method and the medium of preservation. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify their dead? The ancient Egyptians believed that when someone died, their soul left their body. The soul would then return and be reunited with the body after it was buried. However, the soul needed to be able to find and recognise the body in order to live forever. SO, HOW CAN SCIENCE BE DEFINED? Science as an idea. It includes ideas, theories and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science as an intellectual activity. The study involves systematic observations and experimentations. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science as a body of knowledge. It is a subject or a discipline or a field of study, it deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world. (school science) SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science as a personal and social activity. This explains that science is both knowledge and activities by humans to develop better understanding of the world around them. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION People developed noble ideas, later known as Philosophy to provide possible explanation to certain phenomena. People used religion to rationalize the origin of life. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Was the period of enlightenment when developments in the fields of mathematics ,physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. - Started in Europe. - Explains the emergence or birth of modern science as a result of these developments. -15th-17th century. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Scientific Revolution" refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between 1550-1700.  RELIGION VS. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION - Some rulers and religious leaders did not accept many of the early works of scientists. - Scientific individuals were sentenced to death suffered condemnation from religious institutions. -These did not stop scientists to satisfy their curiosity of the natural and physical world.  SOME INDIVIDUALS &THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS Nicholaus Copernicus - Developed (Copernican Model) heliocentrism, it is the name given to the astronomical model published in 1543. - It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths. - Copernican Model was banned & ignored by Rome (16th century) - idea judged to be heretic & unacceptable to be taught to Catholics.  CHARLES DARWIN Famous for his Theory of Evolution by Means of Natural Selection. - Came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family. -Joined the 5 year voyage through HMS Beagle on the island of Galapagos. - Published The Origin of Species in 1859.  Challenge religious and unscientific ideas that are deemed prominent during those days. - Provided the framework for doing scientific activities marked by observations & experiments.  SIGMUND FREUD Famous figure in the field of psychology Method of Psychoanalysis- a scientific way to study human mind & neurotic illness. - This method was unorthodox focuses human sexuality and & the evil Nature of man.  Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Development of Science in Mesoamerica: Ex: Maya civilization Inca civilization Aztec civilization CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Maya civilization Lasted for about 2,000 years. Well-known for their works in Astronomy understanding celestial bodies, predicting eclipse & the use of astrological cycles in planting and harvesting. CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Weave cloth, & first people to produce rubber products around 3,000 years. -one of the world’s first civilization to use a writing, the Mayan hieroglyphics. -skilled in Mathematics, and developed number systems based on numeral 20. CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Inca civilization 1438-1533 Stone buildings Irrigation system Calendar with 12 mos, First suspension bridge Quipu (knotted ropes) Inca textiles CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Aztec civilization were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521 - Contributions: 1. Mandatory education 2. Chocolates 3. Antispasmodic medication 4. Chinampa 5. Aztec calendar 6. Invention of canoe DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA India Well known for manufacturing iron and metallurgical works. Traditional medicine Notable in the field of astronomy Known for their mathematics (Aryabhata 476-550) INDIA  CHINA Substantial contributions: - Medicine - Astronomy - Science & Mathematics - Arts & Philosophy - Music & among others CHINA CHINA – Technology  MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Are predominantly occupied by the Muslims. The period of Muslim Scholarship or the Golden Age of Islam lasted until 13th century Placed greater value on Science Experiments rather than Plain Thought Experiments  MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Ibn al-Haytham Regarded as Father of Optics (empirical proof) Intromission Theory of Light MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi Mathematics - The concept of algorithm - Algebra derived from al-jabar The beginning of the title of one of his publications.  MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Ibn Sina - Pioneered the science of Experimental Medicine - Discovery of contagious disease& Introduction of Clinical Pharmacology. MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Jabir Ibn Hayyan Father of Chemistry The foundation of Modern chemistry. MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Golden Age of Islam started around 11th- 13th century Mongols conquered Islam. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA Astronomy Mathematics Medicine Alchemy Development of Science in Africa DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA - Egyptians are good in 4 fundamental mathematical operations and other mathematical skills. - Have basic knowledge on Algebra & Trigonometry.