STS Midterm Reviewer 2024-2025 PDF

STS MIDTERM REVIEWER 1. A systematized body of knowledge based on experimentation, research, and facts: Science 2. The use of scientific knowledge and/or empirical knowhow for the production, improvement, and distribution of goods and service, as well as the satisfaction of other material...

STS MIDTERM REVIEWER 1. A systematized body of knowledge based on experimentation, research, and facts: Science 2. The use of scientific knowledge and/or empirical knowhow for the production, improvement, and distribution of goods and service, as well as the satisfaction of other material needs is: Technology 3. It is a group of person joined together for a common purpose or by a common interest: Society 4. Wide-reaching change in the way something works, organized or change in people’s ideas: Revolution 5. Products fabricated by humans to meet specific needs such as tools, machines, implements are: Artifacts or Hardware 6. A system of tacit and explicit knowledge, techniques, materials utilized in using, making, or repairing a certain kind of artifact: Knowledge & Methods 7. Military men or civil engineers, crafters, machinists is/are a: Cultural activity or profession 8. “an American technological know-how” an invention, patronage, mass production and mass consumption is/are: A Societal enterprise 9. The shift from nomadic life to farming led to the development of the city. Networks of transportation, communication, and trade systems, Specialized labor, Government and religion, Social class are impacts on which of the following areas: Community Life 10. The nineteenth century witnessed the Industrial Revolution: Invention of textile manufacturing machines, Division of labor, Increase in production, Crowded cities, Unsafe and unhealthy working conditions are impacts on which of the following areas: Industrial Revolution 11. Invention of the trolley car, automobile, Status symbol, Alternative to harsh, crowded city conditions and birth of suburbs happened on the: 20th century 12. Technical innovations saved physical energy and lessened people’s workload: The tractor, The refrigerator, The vacuum cleaner, the washing machine, are technological impacts on: Work 13. The advancement of medical science such as in 1796, Edward Jenner paved the way for modern immunology by discovering a vaccine for smallpox, is a technological impact on: Health 14. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered ________, the first antibiotic, in 1928; Penicillin; 15. Dr. William Thomas Green Morton, in 1846 was one of the first medical practitioners to use ________ : Anesthesia 16. In 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, introduced Dolly the sheep, the first mammal ever to have been: Cloned 17. Inventions and innovations in communication have had a major influence on society. Egypt is to papyrus and hieroglyphics and Ancient Rome is to Roman alphabet: 18. Ancient Greece is to public speaking, persuasive rhetoric, drama, and philosophy and Europe is to printing press: 19. Progress is a series of improvements in human life marked by inventions and discoveries: 20. It is the description, understanding, and prediction of physical phenomena through the use and generation of verifiable theories, laws and principle: STS 21. Science is based in all of the following : Observations & Hypothesis, Conclusions & Scientific Theory, Experiments & Observations 22. It is the study of how social, political, and cultural values that affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turns society: STS 23. Scientists prefer to “look and see”. They won’t argue about it, but rather test to prove it: Empiricism 24. Scientists prefer simple explanation, explain thing in a very simple way rather than complex way: Parsimony 25. Scientists prefer very exact and very “picky”: Precision 26. It leads to formation of concepts, methods, principles, theories, law and procedures: Science 27. The branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science. Technology 28. It is the system of collective, cohabitation of groups of individuals with mutual understanding, benefits and common goals. Society 29. This branch of science pertains to living organisms like microorganisms, plants, animals and human beings. Life Science 30. It is the science concerned with food and nourishment and the role of nutrients in health: Nutritional Science 31. This government office is responsible for organizing public healthcare and making sure that all Filipino citizens have access to quality health services: Department of Health 32. This is one of the notable human success in the field of science and technology: Printing Press, Telephone, X-ray 33. The invention of nuclear weapon in 1945, like the nuclear bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima that caused death of many people, this is: Threat to Human Survival 34. Exploitation of advance scientific knowledge and technological devices and systems gave rise to situation in which advances seem to have turned against their beneficiaries: Ethical Dilemmas 35. There are advanced countries enjoying science and technology based success and hold high esteem in contemporary society versus millions of people in less developed countries who have not partaken in these benefits: Disparities in Human Well-Being 36. Considering of the diverse range of intersecting issues and values at play in discussions about genetic engineering of organisms can help to identify and examine such broader impacts in research: Impacts of Science on Society 37. Humans use technology to travel, to communicate, to learn, to do business and to live in comfort, however, technology has also caused us concerns: Impacts of Technology on Society 38. It is a synthesis of a number of disciplines which depend on inputs from a wide range of scientific and technological fields: Biotechnology 39. The following are the issues of bioethics: Heart Transplant, Blood Transfusion, Homicide 40. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was first isolated in 1869 by the Swiss biochemist: Friedrik Miescher 41. These are the disadvantages of recombinant DNA technology: Large scale production of cancer, Not all those who may need can afford, The creation of penicillin 42. It is refers to the future possibility of introducing new, functional genetic information contained in molecules of DNA into human cells with the intention of treating human genetic disease: Gene Therapy 43. Biotechnology: is a synthesis of a number of disciplines which depend on inputs from a wide range of scientific and technological fields. 44. Biotechnology give interplay of Biology & Technology. 45. According to Johnson (1987) biotechnology as the technical of biological knowledge in production, he said that the number of technologies, originating from molecular Biology. 46. Author that can explained that Biotechnology is a new science that synthetic in nature which developed from the interaction of fundamental disciplines like genetic, biochemistry, chemical engineering, microbiology, physiology, and all aspects of process of technology: Ejike (1983) 47. Expressed his own idea of Biotechnology as the application of biological organisms, systems and processes to manufacturing and service industries: Kille (1987) 48. According to Ozoro (1979), science whereby technical tasks are performed normally under the direction and supervision of biological scientists, contributory to biological experiments, test and analysis and industrial public health, agricultural and other practical applications. 49. Biotechnology will require a much broader understanding of Biological & Physical Sciences. 50. Biotechnology required a number of posts to be taken by professional Technologists & Technicians. 51. All of the following are Advantages of Recombinant DNA Technology: Synthesize large quantities of antibiotics 52. Pseudoscience: provides explanations and conclusions without detailed experimentations. 53. The following bodies of knowledge are considered as pseudoscience: Acupuncture, Astrology, Alchemy 54. China and America are two of the leading countries which have advanced technological products through Sciences: they have the same concept of science, they follow the same methodology which is scientific method. 55. Technological product injected to humans intravenously and it is invented for humans to generally avoid infections of life-threatening diseases: vaccine 56. Antibiotic penicillin was discovered and extracted from the fungi of: Penicillum notatum – used for infections with wounds 57. Fingerprint technology revealed that our fingerprints are one of the unique characters in humans. Fingerprint technology is significant because: it improves criminal justice system, it is used for tracing pattern of genetic inheritance for twins, it is used for identity for documents such as identification cards 58. Industrial Revolution is one of the significant movements in our history that continuously introducing technological advancements: Industry 1.0 - steam, Industry 3.0 – automation, Industry 2.0 – electricity, Industry 4.0 – computer tech 59. The field of medicine started to prosper during the period of scientific revolutions. Andreas Vesalius is reliable and accurate in giving findings on human anatomy because: he used human corpse to explain the structures and functions of each human organ. 60. Science is an intellectual activity because: It involves systemic observation and experimentation. It encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. 61. The causative agent of COVID-19 is: SARS-CoV-2 62. During Pre-spanish time, early Filipinos utilize indigenous science in preparing soil for agricultural purposes for good harvest of crops: they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons 63. Burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point, Palawan, Philippines: Manunggul Jar 64. Scientific revolution was considered as the golden age for the philosophers and scientists during the 16th to 18th centuries because: it changed the views of society about nature which leads to the emergence of modern science. 65. Historical trade of products that paved way the Philippines to access additional technology and development from different regions of the globe during Spanish colonization period: Galleon Trade 66. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) has 4 clusters of research policies. The NRCP clustered these policies into four: 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance: Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum. Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue. Developing school infrastructure and providing ICT broadband. Local food security. 2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics: Emphasizing degrees, licenses and employment opportunities. Outright grants for peer monitoring. Review of RA 9184. Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development. 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Ensuring compliance of drug manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full implementation of FDA. Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care. Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information. Allocating two percent of the GDP to research. Legislating a law supporting human genome projects. 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry: Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws. Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries. Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation. Formulation of common food and safety standards. 67. Essential truths about the industrial revolution: the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools, the use of steam and later of other kinds of power, the adoption of the factory system 68. Filipino scientist who made outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes: Ramon Cabanos Barba 69. Based on the framework below, Science and Technology is influenced by several variables: It needs to be aligned to national goals, considers international guarantees based on legal contexts, and responds to various social needs, issues, and problems. 70. The following concepts are included in the formulation of Indigenous Science: Community culture and values, Science process skills, Traditional knowledge 71. The following are the greatest contributions of ethnomedicine, an indigenous science in the field of drug discovery: Scientists were able to analyze and identify the chemical components of their alternative plant medicines, Scientists were able to design natural drugs out of the proven and identified chemicals from the local plants in the community, Scientists were able to verify if their alternative plant medicine can actually prevent, cure, or lessen the implications of a disease or disorder. 72. Eukaryotic cells may have evolved when multiple cells joined together into one. They began to live in what we call symbiotic relationships. The theory that explains how this could have happened is called: endosymbiotic theory 73. Mitochondrion now can be inherited from both parents of an organism. Principle that guides this paradigm shift is: Verification theory 74. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) has 4 clusters of research policies. The NRCP clustered these policies into four: 1. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research in Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics 2. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance 3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry 75. Science as an intellectual activity follows a systematic method which is named as scientific method: Stating the problem 🡪 formulating hypothesis 🡪 conducting an experiment 🡪Analyzing and interpreting the data 🡪 drawing of conclusion 76. In terms of ethics, what is violated the case of Rosalind Franklin on her X-ray’s photograph: credit allocation 77. Eudaimonic life supports the idea of sustainable development such as: I. It encourages individual to live in harmony with the nature. II. It enthuses to be mindful of the impact on the environment. III. It inspires to work towards a sustainable future. 78. According to Aristotle, theoretical sciences include: biology, physics, metaphysics, logic, etc. Practical sciences include ethics and politics. 79. The ultimate goal of theoretical sciences is to seek: truth 80. The ultimate goal of practical sciences is to seek for: matter 81. The idea of Plato, a physical chair is a not true and just a copy of the ideals and/or mental models. This belief is anchored with this concept: world of matter 82. Not believing in any notion of afterlife, is a sociological philosophy: Theism 83. There are things that are beyond ones control, tends to divert attention to things that finds it meaningful this sociological philosophy is: Humanism 84. “Science provides good life for people and the quest for good life fuels Science”: True statement 85. Top 10 Foods of the Future: #10: Nanofoods: by the year 2040, nanotechnology would be part of every single mass produced food product, seeming to lend credence to the idea. #9: Sonically-Enhanced food: A study out of Oxford University showed that the taste of food was actually changed by the “sonic properties” of what eaters were listening to. #8: GMO: GMOs can either be considered helpful, or a huge hindrance to the way we’ve come to eat. As technology moves forward, it seems inevitable that the genetic engineering already taking place in our food will continue to advance. #7: Edible Water Bottles: One London-based company, however, has made news for creating … a totally edible water bottle. It’s a seaweed based product which is relatively inexpensive to produce. #6: Camel Milk: In some countries, camel milk can already be found in grocery stores, but we’re predicting that as time goes by, it will become more and more popular because of the ecological impact that farming cows has on the environment. #5: Farmed Fish: In fact, in 2011, there was more fish farming in the world than there was beef farming! It may seem hard to believe, but this practice is already on the rise in a major way. The fish farming industry hasn't been without issue, however, so if you want to be a smart consumer, it’s good to look into exactly where the fish you eat is coming from. #4: 3D Printed Food: 3D printed food won’t cure world hunger by any means, but it seems likely that it will be used moving forward to create foods or quantities that would be impossible by hand.  #3: Algae: Algae can easily be farmed in the ocean, which is beneficial if we’re worrying about fresh water shortages. And if you’re imagining chowing down on something icky and slimy – think again. Algae can be used as a food in ways that would make you completely forget what you’re eating. #2: Lab Grown Meat: Lab grown meat isn’t technically vegetarian, but it could appeal to people looking to improve their ecological footprint. Even lab grown fish is becoming a thing! This technology is advancing quickly, and we can expect to see products on the market pretty soon. #1: Bugs: scientists are predicting is that eating insects will become more popular – and more necessary! – as time goes on. From crickets, to grasshoppers to mealworms, there are a wide variety of bugs that are both abundant and nutritious. 86. A short-range wireless communication technology: Bluetooth 87. Steps to be taken to reconcile the need for technology and the ethical dilemmas it faces: Consider the potential benefits and risks of technology, Engage in ongoing evaluation and reflection, Engage in ethical decision-making 88. “Lukoskin” is a drug developed by the Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO) to treat the signs and symptoms of: Leucoderma 89. Country in the world that has a maximum number of robots working: Indonesia 90. Growth of technology produces several advantages to human: Decrease on mortality rate, Decreases literacy, Increase average lifespan 91. Past-Present technology that is correctly paired: Floppy Disk to Thumb drive, Television to UHDTV, Books to Kindle, electronic, digital computer to ENIAC 92. The be-all and the end-all of everything that we are doing is for happiness. This line was popularized by the Philosopher: Aristotle 93. Eudaimonia is defined literally as state of: Happiness, Health, and Prosperity 94. Inventions and Inventors that is correctly paired: Anesthesia :: Humphry Davy, Electricity :: Benjamin Franklin, Germ Theory :: Louis Pasteur, Nicolaus Copernicus::Heliocentric Model, Claudius Ptolemy::Geocentric model 95. “Captain of his own ship” MAN IS LITERALLY THE CAPTAIN OF HIS OWN SHIP, what social philosophy: Humanism 96. Contributions of Industrial 4.0: Communication Network Infrastructure, Big Data Platform, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Cloud computing, 3d printing, Robotic system, Internet of things 97. DNA is a molecule of inheritance on which hereditary information are stored in virtually every organism. 98. Cloned: first used to describe a population of cells or organisms, all derived from a single cell or organisms by asexual multiplication. 99. Foundation known as Recombinant DNA Technology, laid by Watson and Crick (1953) in the British Journal “Nature”.