STS - Lesson 1.2 - Historical Antecedents.pdf

Lesson 1.2 Historical Antecedents of STS CONTENT: 01 Prehistoric Era or Ancient Times 02 Middle Ages 03 Modern Era 04 Philippine Technology  01 PREHISTORIC ERA OR ANCIENT TIMES For roughly 2.5 million years, humans li...

Lesson 1.2 Historical Antecedents of STS CONTENT: 01 Prehistoric Era or Ancient Times 02 Middle Ages 03 Modern Era 04 Philippine Technology  01 PREHISTORIC ERA OR ANCIENT TIMES For roughly 2.5 million years, humans lived on Earth without leaving a written record of their lives—but they left behind other kinds of remains and artifacts.  ODOMETER It is the transportation technology used to measure the distance traveled by a vehicle and invented by the Greeks. TWELVE TABLES It was invented by the Romans. It is a code that formed an essential part of the constitution of laws on property, religion, divorce, and punishments for theft and black magic.  SEISMOGRAPH It is the Chinese technology that is used to determine the direction of an earthquake. It was invented by Zhang Heng in 132 AD. Zhang Heng  SAILBOAT It is the Sumerian transportation technology that is used to import stones, metals, and timbers from Asia Minor and Syria through the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.  URUK It is the first city in the world with buildings made of mud and clay and the home of the famous king Gilgamesh. HEAD OF SARGON OF AKKAD It is the ancient architecture in Sumer that displays the huge roles of gods and kings.  KING ZOSER He led the erection of The Pyramids of Egypt between 2667 – 2648 BC. HIPPOCRATIC OATH It contains the ethical standards among doctors especially the doctor-patient confidentiality.  PYTHIAN GAMES It is the most famous Olympic Games held every four years in Delphi, Olympia. CORPUS JURIS CIVILIS It is a roman contribution which explains the legal concept of innocent until proven guilty.  NEIJING It is the Chinese medicine book which provides that acupuncture is used as the therapy earlier than 200 BC by Prince Liu.  LU BAN He is the Chinese carpenter credited for inventing the first umbrella.  LOTUS LEAF This leaf is used as an inspiration for Lu Bun’s creation of umbrella.  BI SHENG He is the inventor of the inexpensive Chinese movable-type printer.  02 MIDDLE AGES During the middle age (500-1500 AD), science and technology continued to prosper paving the way to a quicker, faster, and more complex society. Major developments were made in the areas of weaponry, navigation, agriculture, transportation, construction, medicine, and others.  SPECTACLES It is one of the first recorded pair of glasses were made in 1284 by Salvino D'Armate in Italy.  HOURGLASS It is a timekeeping instrument.  PRINTING PRESS It is developed by Gutenberg from Mainz, Germany. JOHANNES GUTENBERG  COMPASS It enabled renaissance sailors and explorers find their bearing in the fog. TRAVERSE BOARDS It is a navigation instrument.  ALMANACS It is used to forecast precisely the position of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.  OARS It made the galley ships redundant allowing movement into the open seas.  PLATE ARMOR It protect armies’ entire bodies from lethal weapons.  WATERMILL & WINDMILL A watermill is an engine that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process. A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades.  WINE PRESS It is an expensive piece of machinery for pressing wines and liquors.  EYE GLASS It is invented by Italians in 13th century to aid people with defective eyesight.  SOAP Ancient Mesopotamians were first to produce a kind of soap by cooking fatty acids – like the fat rendered from a slaughtered cow, sheep or goat – together with water and an alkaline like lye, a caustic substance derived from wood ashes. The result was a greasy and smelly goop that lifted away dirt. MISSILE WEAPONS The modern day missiles have their roots in Germany as the country developed the first successful Guided missiles V1 and V2. After World War II, several other nations developed a variety of missile systems.  MICROSCOPE It is used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.  TELESCOPE It is an instrument used in observing faraway objects by collecting visible light and other electromagnetic radiation.  03 MODERN ERA The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It has been a period of significant development in the fields of science, politics, warfare, and technology. It has also been an Age of Discovery and globalization.  ELECTRIC DYNAMO It is an electrical generator that creates direct current using a commutator. It was invented by Michael Faraday. MICHAEL FARADAY  ANALYTIC ENGINE It was a proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. CHARLES BABBAGE  PASTEURIZATION In 1863, at the request of the emperor of France, Napoleon III, Pasteur studied wine contamination and showed it to be caused by microbes. To prevent contamination, Pasteur used a simple procedure: he heated the wine to 50–60 °C (120–140 °F), a process now known universally as pasteurization. LOUIS PASTEUR  PLASTIC It was developed in 1869 by John Wesley Hyatt. It is a moldable- versatile material called celluloid from cellulose nitrate and camphor. Celluloid is the first practical artificial plastic. John Wesley Hyatt  TELEPHONE The first telephone patent was granted to Alexander Graham Bell in 1869. A telephone is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the human voice. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL  A PHONOGRAPH phonograph, later called a gramophone, and since the 1940s a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of recorded sound. The phonograph was developed as a result of Thomas Edison's work on two other inventions, THOMAS EDISON the telegraph and the telephone.  MODERN AUTOMOBILE Karl Benz was a German mechanical engineer who designed and in 1885 built the world’s first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. It is run by using electrical ignition, a water-cooled internal combustion, and gears. KARL BENZ  BOX CAMERA This Original Kodak camera, introduced by George Eastman, placed the power of photography in the hands of anyone who could press a button. Unlike earlier cameras that used a glass-plate negative for each exposure, the Kodak came preloaded with a 100-exposure roll of flexible film. After finishing the roll, the consumer mailed the camera back to the factory to have the prints made. GEORGE EASTMAN  AEROPLANE Wilbur and Orville Wright spent four years of research and development to create the first successful powered airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer. It first flew at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, with Orville at the controls.  RADAR It was developed by Edward Appleton in 1924 to detect aircraft. Edward Appleton  EMAIL It was developed by Ray Tomlinson in 1972. It is the true email system that included ARPANET email. RAY TOMLINSON  PERSONAL COMPUTER It contains microchip that enables people to print letter, use for relaxation, and multiple other uses. MOBILE PHONE It is more convenient than telephone since it is wireless. It enables sending text messages.  WORLD WIDE WEB (The Internet) Tim Berners Lee wrote software for WWW in 1990 that helped revolutionize the internet and make it freely available to the world. Tim berners lee  SMART PHONE It combines many technologies in one. It enables calls, texts, internet access, camera, and a variety of apps. It became readily available in the 2000s.  RADIO It was invented by Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi by sending radiotelegraph message from England to Canada. It made one-way communication easier and spread wide over the world in no time. GUGLIELMO MARCONI NIKOLA TESLA  TELEVISION JL Braid made the first television broadcast in 1926. It utilized the concepts of light and sound, a great source of knowledge and amusement. J.L. BRAID ROBOTS AND AI Robotics has been one of the most researched and the most worked area in the field of engineering. Robots regarded to appear similar to humans with the capability to perform work. Artificial Intelligence (AI) makes excellent machines using ultra- technology to perform complex tasks. BANKING, ATMS, & CREDIT CARDS These help people get loans, deposit money, and make easy and quick transactions wherever in the world.  OFF-ROAD WHEELCHAIR There are many basic types of off-road, all-terrain wheelchairs, but it mainly comes down to two major options: manual or motorized.  BRAILLE Braille is a system of touch reading and writing for blind persons in which raised dots represent the letters of the alphabet. It also contains equivalents for punctuation marks and provides symbols to show letter groupings. People read braille by moving the hand or hands from left to right along each line.  04 PHILIPPINE TECHNOLOGIES The Philippines currently ranks 73rd out of 132 countries in terms of innovation, according to the Global Innovation Index 2021. While the country has a relatively low level of investment in research and development (R&D), there are initiatives in place to promote R&D and innovation in the country.  E-JEEPNEY It is first introduced in Manila and Bacolod. It is nature-friendly because it is noiseless and smokeless and uses electricity.  MEDICAL INCUBATOR It is developed by Fe del Mundo. It is made up of two native-laundry baskets of different sizes placed one inside the other. Hot water bottles are placed all around between them to provide warmth. It was created to address the needs of rural areas with no electricity that is needed to regulate temperature of premature newborn babies. FE DEL MUNDO  BANANA CATSUP Banana catsup, known for its sweet and tangy flavor, is a uniquely Filipino twist on the traditional tomato ketchup. Its creation is credited to the ingenious María Orosa Ylagan, a pioneering food technologist who sought to utilize the abundance of bananas in the Philippines. MARIA YLAGAN OROSA  ANTICANCER CREAM The DeBCC anticancer cream invented by Rolando dela Cruz won the gold medal at the International Inventors Forum in 2005. It is made of cashew nuts and other local herbs, specifically intended for basal- skin carcinoma ROLANDO DELA CRUZ  QUINK INK A quick-drying water-resistant ink developed by Francisco Quisumbing partnered with Parker Pens. It is considered as the best-selling ink in the new millennium due to its anticlogging, antiblotting, and antifading property. FRANCISCO QUISUMBING  MODULAR HOUSING SYSTEM It was introduced by Edgardo Vasquez. It is a system capable of building houses within weeks using prefabricated materials that can withstand typhoons and earthquakes. EDGARDO VASQUEZ SMS READER FOR THE BLIND It allows the blind to read and send text messages, developed by engineering students from DLSU. AEROGAS CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR (ACC) It is antipollution, fuel-saving, power- boosting engine device developed by chemical engineer Marino Martinez. It has practical applications on all types of internal combustion engines like the engines of jeeps, cars, trucks, ships, motorcycles, and gas-fired power plants at a very economical cost.  SALT LAMP It is an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative light source that runs on saltwater developed by Aisa Mijeno. AISA MIJENO  SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE It is developed by Atoy Llave. It can tackle both land and water. ATOY LLAVE  NATURE’S AIR ROOM IONIZER It is an environment-friendly invention that eliminates harmful dust particles, smoke, and airborne microorganisms that spread diseases. Its activated-carbon filter removes the odors emitted from the environment, household cleaners, paints, varnishes, cigarettes, smokes, and other odor sources.