History of Struggle for Independence 1905-1947 PDF

THE HISTORY OF STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM 1905 TO 1947 The history of struggle for Muslim independence mentions below:  In 1905, a delegation of Muslim leaders met with viceroy and demanded for separate Electorates, better centre Legislative representation and quota system...

THE HISTORY OF STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM 1905 TO 1947 The history of struggle for Muslim independence mentions below:  In 1905, a delegation of Muslim leaders met with viceroy and demanded for separate Electorates, better centre Legislative representation and quota system for Muslims in civil services. This was first time that Muslim desired separate political representation on the basis of nationhood.  In 1905, the division of Bengal carried out by British viceroy Lord Curzon despite Indian nationalist pressure. He divided Bengal on the basis of culture differences and mal-administration.  In 30th December 1906, Muslim league formed in Dhaka to protect Muslim rights in India as the rights were being snatched by Hindus and British. Sir Agha Khan was the first president of All India Muslim League.  In 1909, Indian council act was introduced in which it was decided that Muslim members were to be elected by Muslim votes.  A joint meeting held in Lucknow in 1916 in which an agreement was drawn called Lucknow pact. It was first time that Congress accepted separate electoral for Muslims and showed no reservation upon 1/3 seats to be given to Muslim in councils.  In 1919, Khilafat movement launched in India under the leadership of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jahar and Shoket Ali to protect Ottoman Empire during first World War. Muslim leaders made an alliance with Congress to pour energy in campaign. Both launched non cooperation movement and arrested by British government. It ended with no result.  In 1928, All parties conference was called to discuss and make an consensus upon legislative issues. The sessions presented no conclusive results. The chairman Nehru published a biased report in which he  demanded central based government, denied separate electoral and weightage system and also showed apprehension upon Muslim representation in Punjab and Bengal.  The 14 points of Quaid e Azam were presented in 1929 in response of the Nehru report. In these points Mr Jinnah advocated federal system, provincial autonomy, minority rights, separate electoral for Muslims and religious as well as cultural liberty of Muslims.  In 29th December 1930, Allama Iqbal delivered an speech in Allahabad. In the speech he gave an idea of separate Muslim homeland consisting of Muslim majority areas to protect Muslim culture.  In 1935, British government introduce act of 1935 with provision of complete autonomy to the state in the internal affairs. Despite all it was not appreciated by Indian because real power was in the hands of viceroy and Governor General but provincial autonomy was given to natives.  In 1936 -1937, provincial election held as it was mandatory in act of 1935. The election held in 11 provinces. Muslim league was totally failed to win even in Muslim majority areas unexpectedly while Congress got majority in seven provinces and formed provincial government in most of the provinces. During the rule Congress suppressed Muslim culture, tradition, religion and economy. In 1939 Congress ministries resigned on the issue of Belligerency without consultancy of native groups. On 22 December 1939, League celebrated day of deliverance and thanks to almighty to get rid of Hindu rule.  In 23rd March 1940, All India Muslim league called its 27th meeting changed into a massive political gathering. In this gathering a resolution was presented and suggested that Muslim majority areas such as Sindh, Punjab, NWFP, Bengal, Assam and Baluchistan should be made an independent Muslim state. It was called Lahore resolution, accepted with majority.  In March 1942, Sir Cripps met with both Muslim league and Congress to get support in case of Japan forces attack in India as a response they will be  given full autonomy. Both parties rejected because full plan was not presented in front of them.  In August 1942, Congress launched quit India movement which was rebellion in nature. The slogan was quit India and leave but Quaid-e-Azam said divide India and leave.  In 1945-1946, general election were held in subcontinent. It was necessary to win election for All India Muslim league to show itself as a sole Muslim representative political party and also exhibits the demand of separate state is backed by whole Muslim nation. In central legislative assembly League got thirty while in provinces it won 95% Muslim seats.  In 1946 cabinet mission was sent to India to resolve constitutional issues and to form a constituent assembly. It suggested unitary form of federation which was rejected by Muslim League. At last groups were formed that satisfied Muslim league but Congress objected it because the formation of group were on religious basis but both however agreed upon holding election of constituent assembly.  On 3rd March 1947, Mount Batten prepared partition plan according to the wishes of the native people. India was divided into two domains. On 18 March 1947 the plan was approved by British parliament and an Islamic state Pakistan emerged on 14 August 1947.