2. Colonial Roots to Independence (Part II).pdf

Colonial Roots to Independence (Part II) By: Dr. Huzaifa Sarfraz  The Partition of Bengal (1905-1911) The British government's decision to partition Bengal in 1905 sparked protests and resistance across the Indian subcontinent. The partition was seen as an attempt to di...

Colonial Roots to Independence (Part II) By: Dr. Huzaifa Sarfraz  The Partition of Bengal (1905-1911) The British government's decision to partition Bengal in 1905 sparked protests and resistance across the Indian subcontinent. The partition was seen as an attempt to divide Hindus and Muslims for political reasons. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YAbV0wRhdQ  Simla Deputation (1906)  The partition of Bengal by the British in 1905 generated widespread protests among the majority and the Muslim community.  The primary objective of the Simla Deputation was to seek separate electorates for Muslims and representation in legislative bodies.  The delegation met with Lord Minto, the then Viceroy of India, during the Simla Conference held in October 1906. The British government ultimately accepted them.  The Simla Deputation was successful in presenting its demands to the British government, which subsequently led to the introduction of the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 (Indian Councils Act of 1909, Separate Electorates).  Formation of Muslim League (1906)  Officially formed on December 30, 1906.  Established during the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference, which took place in Dhaka.  Primary reasons: Protection of Muslim rights Representation Organized political action Provincial Elections (1936-37) Congress rule in the provinces after the 1936 elections  Communal Tensions  Minority Concerns  Education and Language  Economic Disparities  Political Representation  Challenges During World War II  Aims and Objectives of establishment of Pakistan  What’s the difference? Aims Objective More specific and tangible, More general and abstract, often outlining measurable steps that focusing on the long-term and need to be taken to achieve the overall vision. aims.  Why study? Simplifies Decision-making Processes Provide Clarity About The Purpose And Direction Specific Targets And Deadlines Enable Progress Monitoring Motivate Individuals Or Teams To Work Towards A Common Purpose Serve As The Foundation For Setting Achievable And Measurable Goals Provide A Roadmap For Future Actions And Help In Setting Strategic Directions Ensure That All The Members Are Aligned And Working Towards The Same outcome. Creation of a Muslim Homeland The Muslim League believed that the Muslims were distinct from the other majority religious community with separate cultural, and social identities, and thus, Muslims needed a separate state practice their faith freely. Protection of Muslim Rights The establishment of Pakistan was sought to ensure that Muslims would not be politically marginalized or discriminated against by the majority group. Unity and Solidarity Among Muslims An essential aim was to unite Muslims under a common cause and create a nation with a shared sense of purpose and identity. The establishment of Pakistan aimed to foster a strong sense of unity and solidarity among Muslims. Preservation of Islamic Culture and Heritage The establishment of Pakistan aimed to preserve and promote Islamic culture, heritage, and values. It was envisioned as a state where Muslims could practice their faith freely and uphold their religious traditions without fear of discrimination. Political Autonomy and Self-Governance Enable Muslims to govern themselves and shape their own destiny according to their cultural and religious principles. Socio-Economic Development Provide better opportunities for economic and social development in the new state. Religious Freedom and Tolerance Create a state where people of all religions could coexist peacefully, and religious minorities would have the right to practice their faith without fear of persecution. Peaceful Coexistence with Neighbors The new state aimed to build friendly and cooperative relations with India and other countries in the region. Social Justice and Equality Ensure social justice and equality for all its citizens, regardless of their religion, caste, or background. Promotion of Education and Culture The objective was to promote education and culture in Pakistan, encouraging the growth of knowledge and the arts.