Stroke Presentation (Jadaia et al. 2024) PDF

Stroke Presentation By: Jaidia, Olivia, Maddie, Sophie, Connor  01 General...

Stroke Presentation By: Jaidia, Olivia, Maddie, Sophie, Connor  01 General Overview Lancaster General Health on Instagram: “‘BE FAST’ is an important acronym for remembering stroke symptoms and how to respond if you suspect a stroke. (2020).  Health Condition What is a stroke? A stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked by a clot or bursts. This stops the brain from getting the blood and oxygen it needs, causing brain cells to die. (American Stroke Association, 2024) Chronic Stroke Acute Stroke Chronic is the long-term phase, when the stroke has Acute is the emergency phase, when the stroke is already happened and now the focus is on recovery, rehab, happening and you need to stop the brain from being and managing any lasting effect. damaged right away. (American Stroke Association, 2024) (American Stroke Association, 2024) What to do after a stroke: Treatment & care options for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Ninkatec. (2024, September 24). https://ninkatec.com/what-to-do-after-a-stroke-treatment-care-options/ Classifications Ischemic Subdivisions of Ischemic: Cardioembolism Small vessel occlusion Large artery atherosclerosis Stroke of undetermined etiology Stroke of other determined etiology An ischemic stroke occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) blocks an artery leading to the brain Classifications Ischemic Stroke Subdivisions: Cardioembolism The heart pumps unwanted materials into brain circulation Small Vessel Occlusion A small artery that branches off of a main artery becomes blocked or ruptures Large Artery Atherosclerosis A disease that occurs when the walls of arteries become damaged causing fatty deposits to build up, either narrowing the space for blood flow, or causing ruptures and blood clots Classifications Hemorrhagic Subdivisions of Hemorrhagic: Intracerebral hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage A hemorrhagic stroke is when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain Classifications Hemorrhagic Stroke Subdivisions: Intracerebral hemorrhage A hematoma is formed in the brain with or without blood extension into the ventricles. A blood vessel in the brain bursts and bleeds Subarachnoid hemorrhage A sudden bleeding into the tissue of the brain, into its ventricles, or both Rivera, L. S. (2023, June 27). What causes a stroke? how different types of strokes happen. Healthy Balance. https://blog.uvahealth.com/2022/10/06/how-different-types-strokes-happen/ Sah, S. (2020). Illustration of A. ischemic stroke detection and B. hemorrhagic stroke detection. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustration-of-A-ischemic-stroke-detection-and-B-hemorrhagic-stroke-detection-Color_fig1_337300424 Personal Factors Personal Factors to Consider Age: 65 year old male Type of Stroke: Chronic subarachnoid Hemorrhagic stroke Occupation: Lawyer Married to his wife Angela and have been married for 28 years. They have three kids done post-secondary schooling, who are now married. Timmy has 2 grandchildren who he often takes care of and does activities with.  Etiology/Causes Modifiable factors Not modifiable Unhealthy diets Age Physical inactivity Gender Tobacco use Family history Harmful use of alcohol Ethnicity Hypertension Obesity (BMI) Thrombosis Smoking Kidney dysfunction Cholesterol levels Genetic abnormalities Diabetes mellitus control (e.g., vasculopathies) Familial hypercholesterolemia (e.g.,Heterozygous) From the World Health Organization (2017): World Health Organization (2017) More than 4/5 CVDs deaths are due to heart attacks Stewart et al., (2020). Primary prevention of or strokes and 1/3 occur prematurely in people cardiovascular disease under 70 years of age Bays et al., (2022). Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors Incidence/Prevalence Rates Overall Prevalence Leading cause of global disability (Feigin et al., 2021). There are 62,000 strokes in Canada each year. Age People 55 or older have a higher risk of stroke than younger people Sex Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. Women are usually older when they have strokes Each year in the U.S, stroke causes more than twice the number of deaths in women as breast cancer. Depression Depression occurs in approximately one-third of patients following stroke (Fund Life-Saving Research, 2024)  Incidence and Prevalence Rates in specific Strokes Types of Strokes: Ischemic Stroke: ○ 69.6% of incident strokes ○ 77.8% of prevalent strokes Intracerebral Hemorrhage: ○ 23.8% of incident strokes ○ 15.8% of prevalent strokes Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: ○ 4.4% of both incident and prevalent strokes Age-Specific Stroke Prevalence: Men aged > 40 years have a significantly higher stroke prevalence than women (P