Stroke Awareness Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a stroke primarily caused by?

A blockage or burst in a blood vessel (correct)

Lack of hydration

A sudden drop in blood pressure

Excessive physical activity

In what phase does the focus shift to recovery and rehabilitation after a stroke?

Chronic phase (correct)

Transient phase

Critical phase

Acute phase

What is the main goal during an acute stroke?

Identify the cause of the stroke

Stop the brain from being damaged (correct)

Start immediate physical therapy

Assess long-term rehabilitation needs

Which acronym is used to help remember the symptoms of a stroke?

BE FAST Signup and view all the answers

What happens to brain cells during a stroke?

They die due to lack of blood and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of stroke described in the case of the 65-year-old male?

Chronic subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for stroke?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cardiovascular disease deaths are attributed to heart attacks and strokes?

Over 80% Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group has a higher risk of stroke?

Men over 55 years Signup and view all the answers

How does the risk of stroke differ between genders?

Men typically have strokes at younger ages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT modifiable?

Kidney dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of global disability according to the information provided?

Strokes Signup and view all the answers

What common activity does the individual in the case enjoy doing with his grandchildren?

Taking care of them and doing activities Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes an ischemic stroke?

A blockage of an artery leading to the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of ischemic stroke involves the heart pumping materials into brain circulation?

Cardioembolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hemorrhagic strokes?

Rupture of an artery causing bleeding in the brain Signup and view all the answers

In which subdivision of hemorrhagic stroke is a hematoma formed?

Intracerebral hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes a blockage or rupture of a small artery that branches off from a main artery?

Small vessel occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Sudden bleeding into brain tissue or ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What best defines large artery atherosclerosis?

Fatty deposits causing arteries to narrow or rupture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the etiology of strokes classified as 'undetermined'?

Unclear reasons that do not fall into other categories Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stroke Presentation

The presentation is about stroke, a condition where blood flow to the brain is stopped, leading to brain cell death.
FAST is an acronym to remember stroke symptoms: Face (drooping), Arms (drifting), Speech (strange), Time (call 911 immediately).
Two types of strokes are chronic and acute. Chronic stroke is the long-term phase of recovery and rehabilitation, while acute stroke is the emergency phase where immediate action is needed to prevent further damage.
Stroke can be ischemic (caused by a blood clot) or hemorrhagic (caused by a ruptured blood vessel).
Ischemic stroke has subdivisions like cardioembolism, small vessel occlusion, and large artery atherosclerosis.
Hemorrhagic stroke has subdivisions like intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Health Condition

A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot or bursts.
This stops the brain from getting the necessary blood and oxygen, causing brain cells to die.
Chronic stroke involves the long-term effects on the patient and the focus is on recovery and rehabilitation.
Acute stroke is the immediate emergency phase where the focus is on preventing further damage to the brain.

Types of Stroke

Ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain.
Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the brain, leading to bleeding.

Classifications

Ischemic Stroke: A blood clot blocks an artery leading to the brain.
- Subtypes: Cardioembolism, Small vessel occlusion, Large artery atherosclerosis, Stroke of undetermined etiology, Stroke of other determined etiology.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: A weakened blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding.
- Subtypes: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

What Causes a Stroke?

Ischemic Stroke: Artery blockage due to a clot or plaque buildup. Transient ischemic stroke (TIA) is another type where artery blockage is temporary.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Ruptured blood vessel in the brain, resulting in bleeding into the brain tissue (intracerebral) or around the brain (subarachnoid).

Personal Factors

Age: 65-year-old male.
Type of stroke: Chronic subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Personal details may include marital status, children, and other family details.

Etiology/Causes

Modifiable factors: Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, hypertension, obesity, smoking, cholesterol levels, and diabetes mellitus control.
Not modifiable factors: Age, gender, family history, ethnicity, thrombosis, kidney dysfunction, genetic abnormalities (like vasculopathies), and familial hypercholesterolemia.

Incidence/Prevalence Rates

Strokes are a leading cause of global disability.
Approximately 62,000 strokes occur in Canada annually.
People aged 55+ have a higher risk than younger people.
Men have a higher risk than women.
Depression is a factor in approximately one-third of stroke patients.

Incidence and Prevalence Rates in Specific Strokes

Ischemic strokes make up 69.6% of incident cases and 77.8% of chronic cases.
Intracerebral hemorrhage represents 23.8% of incident cases and 15.8% of chronic cases.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 4.4% of both incident and chronic cases.
Men aged above 40 have a higher incidence of stroke than women.

Medications

Blood thinners: Aspirin (ASA), Heparin, Warfarin.
Antidepressants: SSRIs and SNRIs.
Blood pressure lowering: Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs.
Cholesterol lowering: Resins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors (like Ezetimibe), statins.
- These medications have various potential side effects.

Body Functions/Body Structures

The presentation covers fundamental brain structures and functions relevant to stroke, including frontal lobe (behavioral control), parietal lobe (sensory perception), occipital lobe (visual perception), temporal lobe (memory and language), and the brain stem (vital functions).
The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.

Characteristics of a Stroke

Common symptoms include numbness or weakness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking, vision problems, sudden trouble walking or loss of balance, and a sudden severe headache with no known cause.

Characteristics Post-Stroke

Emotional symptoms may include depression, apathy, emotional lability.
Mental symptoms might include anxiety, delirium, pseudobulbar effect, changes in self-esteem Physical: Hemiparesis, foot drop, sleep difficulties, seizures, problems with fine motor skills, swallowing issues and balance problems.
Social: Loss of intimacy, personality changes, irritability, aggression, and disinhibition.

Stroke and Exercise

Ways stroke affects the body include confusion, face drooping, trouble speaking, loss of coordination, severe headaches, blurred vision, paralysis, and weakness.
Exercises to focus on after stroke include endurance, strength, balance, and stretching.

How do the effects of a Stroke influence exercise?

Physical impairments and cognitive changes due to stroke affect the type and intensity of exercises suitable, compared to individuals without stroke.

Exercise goals for stroke management

Goals vary depending on the severity and location of brain damage caused by the stroke influencing mobility, muscle strength, and range of motion.
Medication use may affect exercise goals and outcomes.

Activities

Pilates: A 24-session program for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients over 8 weeks. It improves balance and coordination.
Aquatic Therapy: 14 healthcare professionals and 9 stroke participants; showed physical improvements (balance, mobility, function), reducing anxiety, increasing confidence, and creating social group support.

Mirror Therapy

Participants received three sessions per week for a total of 12 visits.
It showed significant improvement in mobility, manual function, motor time, and functional abilities compared to the control group.

Seated Exercises and Stroke Rehab

This involves remote delivery of seated exercises.
The participant saw noticeable progress in balance, walking, strength, and quality of life.

Participation/Environmental

Safety: Consider mental well-being, medications, fatigue, muscle spasticity, range of motion.
Equipment: Be cautious about using weights, seating, soft floors, and mobility aids.
Movement: Balance exercises, appropriate rest periods, and resistance exercises in different ways.
Environmental: Create an inclusive environment, consider objects in the environment, and make it suitable for use in homes or community centers.
Communication: Use positive reinforcement, simplify language, and include various communication tools for empathetic interactions.

How a Stroke Impacts a Non-Impacted Side vs. Affected Side

A stroke can affect the non-impacted side by causing psychological distress in individuals that might struggle with the task if they are cognitively impaired.

Fundamental Movement Skills + Inclusion Models

Rebuilding motor control, balance, and coordination skills is crucial for independence and improved quality of life.
Inclusion models promote participation in physical, social, and community activities.

Fundamental Movement Skills in Stroke Patients

Locomotor skills are used for everyday movement (like walking, standing, or transferring from a bed to a chair).
Non-Locomotor skills are for skills that need to be balanced (like bending, balancing, and twisting).
Manipulative skills use fine motor skills for everyday tasks (grasping, releasing, and manipulating objects).

Inclusion Models (cont'd)

Adapting the space and tasks, matching people based on abilities, making skills simpler, practicing alone or with a partner, and using adjustable equipment are part of inclusion models.
Considering individual needs and abilities is crucial.

Clinical Plan

Weekly schedule of activities, including Pilates, Mirror Therapy, Aquatic therapy, and Seated Exercises.

Conclusions

Different therapies for stroke rehabilitation (Pilates, aquatic, mirror, seated exercises) are all effective, but need more research.

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Description

Test your knowledge about strokes, their causes, and the phases of recovery and rehabilitation. This quiz will cover key symptoms and critical information related to brain health during a stroke. Enhance your understanding of this important health topic.