Grade 9 STE Research 3 Quarter 2 Module 3 PDF

9 Grade 9 STE- RESEARCH 3 Quarter 2 – Module 3: APPROPRIATE TOOLS FOR RESEARCH STUDY i Grade 9 STE- Research 3 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Appropriate Tools for Research Study First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No c...

9 Grade 9 STE- RESEARCH 3 Quarter 2 – Module 3: APPROPRIATE TOOLS FOR RESEARCH STUDY i Grade 9 STE- Research 3 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Appropriate Tools for Research Study First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Sorsogon Schools Division Superintendent – Jose L. Doncillo, CESO V Asst. Schools Division Superintendent – Ma. Jeany T. Abayon Curriculum Implementation Division Chief – Rolando F. Embile Education Program Supervisor (Science) – Michelle H. Guadamor DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE WRITER: AIDEE E. ESCAÑELA EDITORS: DOLORES E. ENDRACA APRIL R. GERSALIA REVIEWERS: ALLAN D. FUASO JORDAN T. ANONUEVO MARIA SHEILA F. FAJARDO MARIA ELENA E. ESCOLANO MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR WELIMEN C. OSEO LAYOUT ARTISTS: APRIL R. GERSALIA ALLAN D. FUASO i  9 GRADE 9 STE- RESEARCH 3 Quarter 2 – Module 3: Appropriate Tools for Research Study ii  Most Essential Learning Competency Uses appropriate tools/ instruments for gathering/ collecting data 1  Appropriate Tools for Research Study Introduction In the previous module, you have learned to describe sampling techniques or procedures in a research study. In this module, you are going to determine the appropriate tool to be used in a research study. Most Essential Learning Competency & Objectives In this module, you will use appropriate tools/ instruments for gathering/ collecting data. Specifically, you should be able to: 1. Determine the appropriate tool to be used in research study. Duration: 4 Meetings 2  Pre-Test Before you start studying this module, please answer the following questions below. Write your answer on your answer sheet. DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. A research study that compares commercial antibacterial product to a new antibacterial extract to see if the new product is more effective is most likely what kind of research? What type of data collecting tool would be most applicable? a. Quantitative; experiments b. Quantitative; survey c. Qualitative; experiments d. Qualitative; survey 2. Michael wants to study the Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Pili (Canarium ovatum) Pulp Extract against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli. What research tool is needed? a. Survey b. Interview c. Experiment d. Checklist 3. Which of the following is NOT included in the general guidelines in determining the appropriate tools in a research study? a. The research tool must be suitable for its function b. The research tool should be unreliable c. The research tool should be valid d. The research tool should be free of bias 4. The following are ways of searching appropriate tools for research study EXCEPT________________. a. Read professional journals to learn what kind of instruments are being used for similar studies. b. Read books that provide a description or an actual copy of various instruments for the reader. c. Talk with other researchers who may know of certain tools they have developed for themselves, or may have used tools developed by others. d. Read related studies with insufficient detail or without clear plans. 3 5. A powerful research tool for testing hypothesis of casual relationships among variables. Researcher controls the independent variable and watches the effect on the dependent variables. a. Questionnaire b. Experiment c. Survey d. Checklist How did you find the test? It’s okay if you are not yet sure with your answers. As you go on with this module, you will learn and find out if your answers are correct. So buckle up and get ready with your journey. Learning Activities E licit Before we start our lesson for this module, let us recall the description of sampling techniques and data collection methods in quantitative research. Fill up the missing word to complete each statement. 4  Guessing G.A.M.E. !! DIRECTION: Refer to the following choices in the box to identify which is being described in the given statements. Write your answer in the space provided. secondary data sampling technique data collection qualitative dependent variable research design primary data independent variable quantitative variables 1. _____________ refers to the use of words for data collection and result in patterns ascertained through the content analysis of people’s words. This type of data invite individuals to describe experiences in their own words, such as open ended questions. 2. _____________ the process by which the researcher collects the information needed to answer the research problem. 3. _____________ uses surveys, experiments or direct observations. 4. _____________ is anything or any of the observed. 5. _____________ are based on collecting numbers, numerical calculations, or statistics. 6. _____________ refers to a scheme or plan of how the research will be conducted 7. _____________ is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. 8. _____________ referred to anything or any process or condition that may change or may be qualitatively or quantitatively changed from one condition to another 9. _____________ may be conducted by collecting information from a diverse source of documents or electronically stored information 10. _____________ is anything or any condition manipulated or controlled by the researcher which is applied and observed or assessed as determinants of behaviour. 5  You need these concepts about sampling techniques and data collection methods in quantitative research to better understand our lesson for this module. E ngage Let us now study the picture below. Match column A to the descriptions in column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided. KNOW ME … TOOLS !! Column A Column B a. Using your sense organs, you gather facts or information about people, things, places and events. ____1. b. It is in a sense of an oral questionnaire. Instead of writing the response, the interviewee gives the needed information orally and face-to-face. ____2. c. Investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested ____3. 6  d. The simplest of the devices, consists of a prepared list of items. The presence or absence of the item may be indicated by inserting the appropriate word or ____4. number. e. The most common instrument or tool of research for obtaining the data beyond the physical reach of the observer which, for example may be sent to human beings who are thousands of miles away or just around the ____5. corner. E xplore In this activity, you are going to learn more on how to determine the appropriate tools used in research study. Given the statements below, determine what tool of research is described. Activity 1: GUESS ME WHAT ?! Tools of collecting data whereby you give the subjects a sort of treatment or condition then evaluate the results to find out the manner by which the treatment affected the subjects and to discover the reasons behind the effects of such treatment on the subjects. 1. Question: What tool of research is being described? __________________________________________________________. 7  Verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research study is trying to look for. 2. Question: What tool of research is being described? __________________________________________________________. Prepared set of questions that elicits spontaneous or genuine answers from the respondents. 3. Question: What tool of research is being described? __________________________________________________________. When respondents are not cooperative or are unaware of the answer as they could not detach themselves from the interaction and when the researcher is more interested in the behaviour than in the perception of individuals. 4. Question: What is the best tool to collect the required information? __________________________________________________________. Data gathering tool that makes you obtain facts or information about the subject or object of your research through the data gathering instruments of interview and questionnaire. 5. Question: What tool of research is being described? __________________________________________________________. Great job! You have completed the activities. Take time to review and analyze your answers. 8 E xplain How did you find the activities? Interesting isn’t it? This time try to understand the following ideas or concepts for you to confirm the results of the activities you have performed. One of the most important components of a research design in a research study is the research tools. The selection of appropriate tools in a research study is of vital importance for successful research. These research tools are ways of gathering data, facilitate variable observation and measurement. Without them, data would be impossible to put in hand. The type of tool used by the researcher depends on the data collection method selected. Diagram 1 shows the different research tools that are suitable for collecting various kinds of information for various purposes. The researcher may use one or more of the tools in combination for his/her purpose. Research students should therefore familiarise themselves with the varieties of tools with their nature, merits and limitations. They should also know how to construct and use them effectively. In activity 1, you were able to identify some of the common research tool in research study. The following are some of those: A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Interviewing involves asking questions and getting answers from participants in a study. Interviewing has a variety of forms including: individual, face-to-face interviews and face-to-face group interviewing. Observation is a systematic data collection approach. Researchers use all of their senses to examine people in natural settings or naturally occurring situations. 9  The prime method of inquiry in science is the experiment. The key features are control over variables, careful measurement, and establishing cause and effect relationships. An experiment is an investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested. In an experiment, an independent variable (the cause) is manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled. E Laborate/ Extend Take time to consider the following some important guidelines on how to determine the appropriate tool to be used in research study. General Guidelines on How to Determine the Appropriate Tool in Research Study: 1. The research tool must be suitable for its function  The research tool will only be effective only as it relates to its particular purpose.  The instrument/ tool must be based on the theoretical framework selected for the study. 2. The research tool should be valid.  The content of the instrument/tool must be appropriate to test the hypothesis or answer the question being studied. 3. The research tool should be reliable.  The devised research tool should provide comparable data every time the subject uses the instrument.  An instrument/ tool should include an item that directly asks the hypothesis.  The research tool should be designed and constructed in such a way that cheating is minimized 4. The research tool should be free of bias.  A good instrument/ tool is free of build-in clues.  The instrument/ tool should not contain measures that function as hints for desired responses.  The researcher may need to read extensively to identify which aspects of the theory are appropriate for investigation. 10  5. The researcher, through the instrument, must be able to gather data that are appropriate in order to test the hypothesis or to answer the question under investigation.  The researcher should gather a group of items from such sources as persons knowledgeable in the field, accepted theories or hypotheses, personal experience, or material from studies reported in books and professional journals. 6. The response given by each respondent in the research study should solely be his own.  There should be no contamination through outside influences, such as someone else’s ideas or products.  Therefore, the respondent who agrees to participate in a study is responsible for supplying information or for exhibiting behavior that is truly his own. Vocabulary List You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module: Quantitative –data is numerical in nature and can be mathematically computed. Quantitative data measure uses different scales, which can be classified as nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale and ratio scale. Qualitative –data are mostly non-numerical and usually descriptive or nominal in nature. This means the data collected are in the form of words and sentences. Research Design – Research design refers to a scheme or plan of how the research will be conducted Tools – described as a device used to collect the data. Facilitate variable observation and measurement. Variables – is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another individual. 11  Post-Test I know that you can now answer the questions below. The questions will test how much have you learned in this module. You can do it! E valuate Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. A research study that compares commercial antibacterial product to a new antibacterial extract to see if the new product is more effective is most likely what kind of research? What type of data collecting technique would be most applicable? a. Quantitative, experiments. b. Quantitative, survey. c. Qualitative, experiments. d. Qualitative, survey. 2. The following are ways of searching appropriate tools for research study EXCEPT________________. a. Read professional journals to learn what kind of instruments are being used for similar studies. b. Read books that provide a description or an actual copy of various instruments for the reader. c. Talk with other researchers who may know of certain tools they have developed for themselves, or may have used tools developed by others. d. Read related studies with insufficient detail or without clear plans. 3. A powerful research tool for testing hypothesis of casual relationships among variables. Researcher controls the independent variable and watches the effect on the dependent variables. a. Questionnaire b. Experiment c. Survey d. Checklist 12  4. Michael wants to study the Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Pili (Canarium ovatum) Pulp Extract against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli. What research tool is needed? a. Survey b. Interview c. Experiment d. Checklist 5. Which of the following is NOT included in the general guidelines in determining the appropriate tools in a research study? a. The research tool must be suitable for its function b. The research tool should be unreliable c. The research tool should be valid d. The research tool should be free of bias Hooray, you have finished your module for determining the appropriate tools in research study! Please check your answers by referring to the answer key. CONGRATULATIONS for the job well done!!! Answer Keys Pre-Test Answer Keys 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 13  Learning Activities Answer Keys Elicit: 1. Qualitative 6. Research design 2. Data collection 7. Sampling technique 3. Primary data 8. Variables 4. Dependent variable 9. Secondary data 5. Quantitative 10. Independent variable Engage: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. D Explore: Activity 1: 1. EXPERIMENT 2. INTERVIEW 3. QUESTIONNAIRE 4. OBSERVATION 5. SURVEY Post-Test Answer Keys 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 14  References Almeida, Adelaida B.,Gaerlan, Amelita A., and Manly, Norita E. Research Fundamentals: From Concept to Output. Adriana Publishing Co.,Inc. Philippines, 2016 Denscombe, Martyn. “The Good Research Guide” Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi, 1999. Rivera, Jr M and Rivera Roela Victoria Practical Guide to Thesis and Dissertation Katha Publishing Inc. Quezon City, Philippines, 2007. Kabir, S.M.S. Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines. Book Zone Publication, ISBN: 978-984-33-9565-8, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, 2016. Kaur SP. Variables in research. Indian J Res Rep Med Sci. 2013;4:36–8. IMAGES Lexington. Digital Image. Marketing Research Surveys: A Good Idea-but Not So Fast March 29, 2019. www.5degreesbranding.com 2