STAS POINTERS PDF

STAS POINTERS Key Concepts: ○ Science is knowledge through the scientific method. ○ Social science studies human behavior, not celestial objects. ○ The nebular hypothesis explains Solar System formation. ○ Copernicus proposed the heliocent...

STAS POINTERS Key Concepts: ○ Science is knowledge through the scientific method. ○ Social science studies human behavior, not celestial objects. ○ The nebular hypothesis explains Solar System formation. ○ Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, not geocentric. ○ Hypotheses can be tested but not always proven true. Tips: Understand key figures and their contributions. Familiarize yourself with definitions and scientific methods. Review the implications of historical developments in science. Part II: Multiple Choice Foundations of Science: ○ The scientific method is crucial. Branches of Science: ○ Meteorology studies the atmosphere. ○ Taxonomy classifies organisms. Historical Figures: ○ Copernicus (heliocentric theory), Newton (laws of motion), Darwin (evolution). Important Terms: Hypothesis: A tentative explanation. Control Group: Group not receiving treatment in experiments. Data: Results from experiments. Scientists and Their Contributions with Key Years 1. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) Proposed the heliocentric theory (Sun-centered universe). Published "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" in 1543. 2. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Improved the telescope and made astronomical observations. Supported Copernicus’s heliocentric theory. 3. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Developed the laws of planetary motion (elliptical orbits). Key publications between 1609 and 1619. 4. Isaac Newton (1643-1727)  Formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation. Published "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687. 5. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection. Published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. 6. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Known as the father of psychoanalysis. Developed theories on the unconscious mind. 7. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Made extensive astronomical observations. Influenced later scientists like Kepler. 8. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Advocated for the scientific method and empirical research. 9. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Known as the father of modern genetics. Conducted experiments with pea plants. Key Years to Remember: 1543: Copernicus publishes his work on heliocentrism. 1609-1619: Kepler’s laws published. 1687: Newton’s laws of motion published. 1859: Darwin published his theory of evolution. 1901: Bureau of Science established in the Philippines. Study Tips: Create flashcards with names, years, and key contributions. Review in chronological order to understand the progression of scientific thought. Connect scientists to their discoveries and impacts on modern science. Reviewer: Filipino Scientists, Inventions, and Agencies Key Filipino Scientists and Contributions 1. Anacleto Del Rosario ○ Known As: Father of Philippine Science and Laboratory, First National Scientist ○ Contributions:He is particularly recognized for his work in developing various agricultural technologies, including the improvement of sugarcane production techniques  2. Dr. Fe del Mundo ○ Notable Achievement: Founded the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. ○ Focus: Tropical diseases and child healthcare. 3. Dr. Ramon C. Barba ○ Significant Contribution: Invented the flower induction technique for mango trees, enhancing agricultural productivity. 4. Diosdado Banatao ○ Invention: Developed the microchip and contributed to advances in electronics. 5. Dr. Emil Q. Javier ○ Known For: Developing hybrid rice varieties, significantly impacting food security. 6. Angel Alcala ○ Field: Marine biology; recognized for coral reef conservation efforts. 7. Eduardo San Juan ○ Contribution: Key developer of the Agila-1 satellite, the first Filipino-made satellite. 8. Dr. Pedro C. Alcala ○ Focus: Biotechnology; significant work in developing genetically modified crops. Important Agencies 1. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) ○ Established: 1933 ○ Purpose: Promotes scientific research across various disciplines. 2. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) ○ Established: 1984 ○ Role: Monitors volcanic and seismic activity in the Philippines. 3. Bureau of Science ○ Established: 1901 ○ Function: Conducts scientific research and provides technical assistance. 4. Philippine Science High School ○ Established: 1964 ○ Focus: Science and mathematics education. Prominent Filipino Scientists and Their Achievements 1. Dr. William H. Scott ○ Field: Anthropology and history. ○ Contributions: Notable for his work in documenting and preserving indigenous cultures in the Philippines. 2. Dr. Antonio A. Valdez ○ Focus: Space science and technology. ○ Contributions: Instrumental in developing the Philippine space program. 3. Dr. Gabriel Salazar ○ Significance: First Filipino to receive the title of National Scientist in the field of mathematics. ○ Focus: Research in mathematical education and its applications. 4. Dr. Jose A. Santos ○ Field: Agriculture and food science. ○ Contributions: Known for developing sustainable farming practices. 5. Dr. Ramon C. Barba ○ Significance: His work on mango flower induction has helped establish the Philippines as a leading mango producer. Innovations and Inventions 1. Bamboo Bicycle ○ Inventor: Kevin R. Reyes  ○ Significance: Innovative use of sustainable materials for eco-friendly transportation. 2. Coconut Oil Machine ○ Inventor: Francisco Quisumbing ○ Impact: Revolutionized the coconut industry in the Philippines. 3. Microprocessor Development ○ Innovator: Diosdado Banatao ○ Significance: His work contributed to advancements in computer technology. 4. Agila-1 Satellite 1986-1987 ○ Significance: Marked the Philippines' entry into space technology. Key Philippine Agencies 1. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) ○ Role: Governs and oversees science and technology advancements in the Philippines. 2. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) ○ Purpose: Conducts research on food, nutrition, and health policies. 3. Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) ○ Role: Focuses on industrial, energy, and emerging technology research. ○