Obstetric Nursing PDF

OBSTETRIC NURSING John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN Does size matter? John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 8. 9. 10....

OBSTETRIC NURSING John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN Does size matter? John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 8. 9. 10. 7. 6. 1. 2. 4. 5. 3. John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Characteristics John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Characteristics John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Characteristics John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Characteristics John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FORESKIN John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FORESKIN John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FORESKIN John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. → John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. → QUESTION?! John Reynald B. Sagisi, RN  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. →  Sexual Excitement Stimulus to the brain → releases NITRIC ACID → Vasodilation → Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts → Trapping both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue. → SCROTUM SCROTUM TESTES The testes are two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, that lie in the scrotum TESTES The testes are two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, that lie in the scrotum 2 main function of TESTES??? TESTES The testes are two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, that lie in the scrotum TESTES The testes are two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, that lie in the scrotum  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL STRUCTURE)  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (EPIDIDYMIS) The seminiferous tubule of each testis leads to a tightly coiled tube, which is responsible for conducting sperm from the tubule to the vas deferens. Storage of some sperm It takes at least 12 to 20 days for them to travel the length of the epididymis  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (VAS DEFERENS) An additional hollow tube surrounded by arteries and veins and protected by a thick fibrous coating Sperm mature as they passed through the vas deferens A total of 64 days to reach maturity Acts as reservoir for sperm between ejaculations  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (SEMINAL VESICLES) 2 convoluted pouches that lie along the lower portion of posterior surface of the bladder and empty into the urethra by way of ejaculatory ducts Secrete seminal fluid Sperm become increasingly motile because of viscous portion of the semen secreted by these glands which serves as nutrients and more favorable pH)  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (EJACULATORY DUCTS) The two ejaculatory ducts pass through the prostate gland and join the seminal vesicles to the urethra.  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (PROSTATE GLAND) a chest-nut size gland that lies just below the bladder, the urethra passes through the center of it, like the whole donut  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (COWPER’S GLAND) 2 bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland lie beside the prostate gland and by short ducts empty into the urethra; produce small droplets of fluid during sexual activity Cowper  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (URETHRA) - a hollow tube leading from the base of the bladder, which after passing through the prostate gland continues to the outside through the shaft and glans of the penis  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (SEMINAL PLASMA) The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland produce a liquid called a seminal plasma. Aids in the transport of sperm because it provides energizing nutrients for the sperm Contains form of sugar – fructose, mucous, salts, water, base buffers and coagulators to aid the sperm in their journey.  MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (SEMEN) Thick, creamy white fluid with the consistency of mucus or egg whites Normal amount is 2 mL – 6 mL per ejaculation Fertile man will dispel 20-160 million sperm per ejaculate.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. FEMALE 5. REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM 6.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM Mons Veneris / Pubis The mons veneris is a pad of adipose tissue located over the symphysis pubis, the pubic bone joint. It is covered by a triangle of coarse, curly hairs. The purpose is to protect the junction of the pubic bone from trauma. It contains many nerve ending that makes the mons pubis sensitive to touch and pressure.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM CLITORIS It is a small rounded organ of erectile tissue at the forward junction of the labia minora, covered by a fold of skin called prepuce (clitoral hood). The clitoris is sensitive to touch and temperature and is the center for sexual arousal and orgasm in the female. The clitoris measures 5 – 6 mm. long and 6 – 8 mm. across. It has very rich blood and nerve supplies  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM LABIA MAJORA Consists of 2 rounded folds of fatty tissue. It is analogous to the scrotum. The outer lips separates downward from the mons and meet again below the vagina introitus. It contains multitude of sebaceous and sweat glands. It also serves as protection for the external genitalia and the distal urethra and vagina.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM LABIA MINORA Located posterior to the mons pubis veneris, spread 2 hairless folds of connective tissue. It has 2 smaller lips located within the labia majora. It appears thin pale pink in color. When stimulated, it turns to dark red or dark pink due to presence of blood vessels, no hair; smooth in texture.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM VAGINAL ORIFICE  FEMALE URETHRAL OPENING REPRODUCTIVE → is the small hole located just above the vaginal SYTEM opening in females. It is the external opening of the urethra, the tube through which urine exits the body from the bladder. Key points: It’s part of the urinary system, not the reproductive system. Positioned between the clitoris and the vaginal opening. The urethral opening can be involved in catheterization or urinary infections (UTIs), making it important for nurses to understand its location and care. Proper hygiene around this area helps prevent infections and other complications.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM BARTHOLIN’S GLAND/ Vulvovaginal → pair of small, pea – sized glands located within the substances of the labia majora they correspond to the bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland in male the gland secretes a small amount of _______ to facilitate the insertion of the penis.  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM SKENE’S GLAND / Paraurethral a pair of small glands lying on each side of the urethra they produce a small amount of mucus and are especially susceptible to gonorrheal infection it is similar to male prostate  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM HYMEN Is a tough but elastic semicircle of tissue that covers the opening to the vagina in childhood. It is often torn during the time of first sexual intercourse. The hymen can also be broken through? ____________________________  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM FOURCHETTE → The fourchette is a small fold of skin where the labia minora meet at the back of the vaginal opening, just above the perineum. It forms part of the external genitalia. Key points: It’s located at the lower end of the vulva, near the perineum. The fourchette can tear during childbirth or certain physical activities. It is involved in supporting the structure of the vulva. Fourchette  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM FOURCHETTE → The fourchette is a small fold of skin where the labia minora meet at the back of the vaginal opening, just above the perineum. It forms part of the external genitalia. Key points: It’s located at the lower end of the vulva, near the perineum. The fourchette can tear during childbirth or certain physical activities. It is involved in supporting the structure of the vulva. Fourchette  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM PERINEUM → located just posterior to the fourchette This is a muscular area, that’s easily stretched during childbirth to allow enlargement of the vagina and passage of the fetal head. Many exercises (Kegel’s,squatting) are aimed at making the perineal muscle more flexible to allow easier expansion during birth without tearing of this tissue. Fourchette  FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM PERINEUM → located just posterior to the fourchette This is a muscular area, that’s easily stretched during childbirth to allow enlargement of the vagina and passage of the fetal head. Many exercises (Kegel’s,squatting) are aimed at making the perineal muscle more flexible to allow easier expansion during birth without tearing of this tissue. BUT WE CAN PREVENT LACERATION BY DOING? Fourchette FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM LAYERS OF UTERUS (INTERNAL) LAYERS OF UTERUS FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM Perimetrium – a part of visceral peritoneum. the outermost layer of the uterus. Adds strenght and support to the uterus. Myometrium – bulk of uterus – three layers of muscle that contract during labor. It prevents regurgitation of menstrual blood into the tubes and holds the internal os closed during pregnancy. Endometrium – a highly vascular mucosa; it thickens during ovulation in preparation for implantation. Stratum functionalis – shed during menstruation Stratum basalis – deeper, permanent layer, gives rise to new stratum functionalis (INTERNAL) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYTEM