SOLAR SYSTEM.pdf

The Solar System The Solar System is our home in the universe. It consists of the sun, the eight planets, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.  The Sun Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-year-old star at the center of our solar system, a hot, glowing ball of hydrogen and hel...

The Solar System The Solar System is our home in the universe. It consists of the sun, the eight planets, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.  The Sun Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-year-old star at the center of our solar system, a hot, glowing ball of hydrogen and helium. The Sun is also the solar system's largest object. The Sun is around 93 million miles from Earth, and life as we know it would not be possible without its energy. The Sun is the largest nuclear reactor from which humanity has ever derived energy  Profile of the Sun Radius - 695,000 kilometers (432,000 miles), more than 100 times the radius of Earth. The core of the Sun is 16 million °C. The surface of the Sun is 7000° C Earth-moon system would easily fit inside the Sun.  The Sun’s Atmosphere The atmosphere of the sun consists of: Photosphere Chromosphere Corona  Photosphere the light sphere and the main body of the sun this layer is 150 miles thick and with a temperature of 7,000°C this layer of the sun is characterized with various disturbances: granules, Granules are bubbles of hot gases that appear in cycles and dark spots the presence of granulation is an indication that the sun is boiling  Faculae (Small torches) are small, but sharp eruptions which last for about 15 minutes to one hour. they can be seen only when they occur in the dimmer background limb of the sun  Chromosphere the color sphere it extends from 5,000 to 8,000 miles thick it appears rose pink in color it is also characterized with disturbances also referred to as “storms”  SOLAR FLARES are gigantic eruptions that bombard the earth electromagnetic waves and particles they occur near sunspots and may spread up to 100,000 miles or more in space.  AURORA are purely electrical charges that look like neon lights in the sky that may last for days or weeks.  CORONA the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere this layer is only visible during solar eclipse it is formed by the vapors emitted by the bubbling gases in the photosphere  Terrestrials Gas Giants DWARF PLANETS orbits the sun, has enough mass to assume a nearly round shape, has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit and is not a moon. Mercury - It was named after the Roman God of Messenger - 1st planet out from the sun. - Rocky material - A terrestrial planet. Mercury ❑ Size :.054 the volume of the Earth ❑ Rotation : 58.65 days (very slow rotation) ❑ Revolution : 88 days to go around the Sun once. ❑ Atmosphere : No atmosphere ❑Temperatures : High: 467 °C on the sunny side Low: -183 °C on the dark side ❑Planetary Satellite (Moon) : None Mercury VENUS - It was named after the Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty - 2nd planet out from the sun. - Rocky material. It contains an iron core and a molten rocky mantle. The crust is a solid, rocky material - A terrestrial planet. VENUS ❑ Size :.88 the volume of the Earth ❑ Rotation : -243 days (retrograde) ❑ Revolution : 225 Earth days ❑ Atmosphere : Consists mainly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and droplets of sulfuric acid; it contains almost no water vapor. ❑ Temperatures : 450 °C ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : None EARTH - 3rd planet out from the sun. - The Earth looks blue and green from space with clouds moving through the atmosphere. The surface of the Earth is 70% water and 30% land. - Rocky material. - A terrestrial planet. EARTH ❑ Size : 40,000km (24,8000miles) around at the equator. ❑ Rotation : 23 hours, 56miutes (1 day) ❑ Revolution : 365.25 days ❑ Atmosphere : Mostly oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%). Some argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. ❑ Temperatures : 15 °C to 20 °C ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : One MARS - It was named after the Roman God of War - Also known as the Red Planet - 4th planet out from the sun. - Rocky material. - A terrestrial planet. MARS ❑ Size :.149 times the volume of the Earth. ❑ Rotation : 24 hours, 33 minutes. ❑ Revolution : 686.67 days ❑ Atmosphere : Mostly carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon. ❑ Temperatures : -87 °C to -5 ° ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : Two MARS Special Features: Mars has the largest volcanic mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons (27 km high and 600 km across); volcanoes in the northern Tharsis region that are so huge they deform the planet's roundness; and a gigantic equatorial rift valley, the Valles Marineris. JUPITER - It was named after the Roman God of Lightning - 5th planet out from the sun. - Compose mainly of gas - A Jovian planet. JUPITER ❑ Size : 1316 times the volume of the Earth. It is the planet with the highest gravity in the solar system ❑ Rotation : 9 hours, 54 minutes ❑ Revolution : 11.86 Earth years ❑Atmosphere : Mostly hydrogen, helium, & methane ❑ Temperatures : -108 °C ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : 63  JUPITER THE GREAT RED SPOT Jupiter’s face is pockmarked by oval-shaped disturbances. The most prominent of these is known as the Great Red Spot and has been watched by astronomers for centuries. It spins outward, which happens to be counterclockwise because the spot is in the southern hemisphere of Jupiter.  JUPITER The Great Red Spot has existed for at least 100 years, and perhaps longer. It is a hurricane-like storm on Jupiter. (Galileo reported seeing a similar feature nearly 400 years ago). Three Earths could fit across the Great Red Spot. JUPITER JUPITER 1. Io 17. Callirrhoe 33. Euanthe 49. Kore 2. Europa 18. Themisto 34. Euporie 50. S/2003 J2 3. Ganymede 19. Megaclite 35. Orthosie 51. S/2003 J3 4. Callisto 20. Taygete 36. Sponde 52. S/2003 J4 5. Amalthea 21. Chaldene 37. Kale 53. S/2000 J11 6. Himalia 22. Harpalyke 38. Pasithee 54. S/2000 J5 7. Elara 23. Kalyke 39. Hegemone 55. S/2003 J9 8. Pasiphae 24. Iocaste 40. Mneme 56. S/2003 J10 9. Sinope 25. Erinome 41. Aoede 57. S/2003 J12 10. Lysithea 26. Isonoe 42. Thelxinoe 58. S/2003 J15 11. Carme 27. Praxidike 43. Arche 59. S/2003 J16 12. Ananke 28. Autonoe 44. Kallichore 60. S/2003 J17 13. Leda 29. Thyone 45. Helike 61. S/2003 J18 14. Thebe 30. Hermippe 46. Carpo 62. S/2003 J19 15. Adrastea 31. Aitne 47. Eukelade 63. S/2003 J23 16. Metis 32. Eurydome 48. Cyllene saturn - It was named after the Roman God of Agriculture - 6th planet out from the sun. - Saturn has a large system of rings, and the yellow and gold bands in its atmosphere are caused by super-fast winds combined with heat rising from its interior. - Compose mainly of gas - A Jovian planet saturn The ring system of Saturn, as we see it from Earth through telescopes, is about 250,000 kilometers (155,000 miles) in diameter. They were comprised of countless chunks of icy material, ranging in size from grains of dust to boulders bigger than a house. saturn saturn 1. Mimas 16. Kiviuq 31. Narvi 46. Loge 2. Enceladus 17. Atlas 32. Methone 47. Skoll 3. Tethys 18. Prometheus 33. Pallene 48. Surtur 4. Dione 19. Pandora 34. Polydeuces 49. S/2004 S7 5. Rhea 20. Pan 35. Daphnis 50. S/2004 S12 6. Titan 21. Ymir 36. Aegir 51. S/2004 S13 7. Hyperion 22. Paaliaq 37. Bebhionn 52. S/2004 S17 8. Iapetus 23. Tarvos 38. Bergelmir 53. S/2006 S1 9. Erriapus 24. Ijiraq 39. Bestla 54. S/2006 S3 10. Phoebe 25. Suttungr 40. Farbauti 55. Greip 11. Janus 26. Mundilfari 41. Fenrir 56. Jarnsaxa 12. Epimetheus 27. Albiorix 42. Fornjot 57. Tarqeq 13. Helene 28. Skathi 43. Hati 58. S/2007 S2 14. Telesto 29. Siarnaq 44. Hyrokkin 59. S/2007 S3 15. Calypso 30. Thrymr 45. Kari 60. Anthe URANUS - It was named after the Greek God of Sky - 7th planet out from the sun. - It has a blue-green color from the methane gas above the deeper clouds. - It is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of methane and traces of water and ammonia - A Jovian planet. URANUS ❑ Size : 52 times the volume of the Earth ❑ Rotation : 17 hours, 11 minutes ❑ Revolution : 84.02 Earth years ❑ Atmosphere : Mostly hydrogen,helium, & methane ❑ Temperatures : -197 °C ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : 27 URANUS The ring system of Saturn, as we see it from Earth through telescopes, is about 250,000 kilometers (155,000 miles) in diameter. URANUS URANUS 1. Cordelia 15. Francisco 2. Ophelia 16. Ariel 3. Bianca 17. Umbriel 4. Cressida 18. Titania 5. Desdemona 19. Oberon 6. Juliet 20. Caliban 7. Portia 21. Stephano 8. Rosalind 22. Trinculo 9. Mab 23. Sycorax 10. Belinda 24. Margaret 11. Perdita 25. Prospero 12. Puck 26. Setebos 13. Cupid 27. Ferdinand 14. Miranda NEPTUNE - It was named after the Roman God of the Sea - 8th planet out from the sun. - Neptune has a blue color because of the methane in its atmosphere - It has no solid surface, but its liquid core is composed of water and other “melted ices.” - A Jovian planet. NEPTUNE ❑ Size : 44 times the volume of the Earth ❑ Rotation : 16 hours, 4 minutes ❑ Revolution : 164.79 Earth years ❑ Atmosphere : Mostly hydrogen, helium, & methane ❑ Temperatures : -200 °C ❑ Planetary Satellite (Moon) : 13 NEPTUNE 1. Triton 2. Nereid 3. Naiad 4. Thalassa 5. Despina 6. Galatea 7. Larissa 8. Proteus 9. Halimede 10. Psamathe 11. Sao 12. Laomedeia 13. Neso