1 Planets in the Solar System, Earth Subsystems.pdf

PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM What it takes for a celestial body to be considered as planet? Orbits the sun Large enough to sustain under its gravity Attracts all the smaller bodies in its proximity  Inner vs Outer Planet INNER OUTER Mercury Jupiter Venus...

PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM What it takes for a celestial body to be considered as planet? Orbits the sun Large enough to sustain under its gravity Attracts all the smaller bodies in its proximity  Inner vs Outer Planet INNER OUTER Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Earth Uranus Mars Neptune  Inner vs Outer Planet INNER OUTER Terrestrial Jovian planets planets Gas giants Small and rocky TERRESTRIAL (rocky planets) – are planets closest to the Sun such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Each has a solid mineral- containing crust Earth-like composition. JOVIAN (gas giants) – are planets which are gas giants in the solar system as Jupiter-like such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. MERCURY Smallest planet Closest planet to the sun Crated surface Almost no atmosphere Fastest planet, thus one year last only 88 Earth days VENUS Brightest planet Second closest planet to the sun Earth’s twin sister – almost same mass and size but different in respect to rotation Thick atmosphere causes extreme greenhouse effect Takes 243 Earth days to make one revolution. Has plateaus and mountains but less craters and valleys EARTH Third planet from Sun Has liquid water on the surface than land Blue planet Inhabited by living things (HABITABLE ZONE) MILKY WAY- where our planet and the rest of our solar system took form MARS Fourth planet from Sun Earth’s little brother Dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere Has core, mantle, and crust Takes 2 Earth-years to orbit the Sun Atmosphere has 95% carbon dioxide and with only 0.15% oxygen JUPITER Fifth planet from Sun Largest planet Giant planet A gas giant- made mostly of Hydrogen and Helium. You can’t stand of it! Covered with alternating bands of multi-colored clouds parallel to the equator. Rotates once in less than 10 hours With 20 times more massive than Earth’s core With the same surface temperature day and night Sixteen moons (Lo and Europa- about size of our moon) Composed of iron, nickel, and other minerals  SATURN Sixth planet from Sun Second largest planet Largest ring system Nearly 10 times diameter of the Earth A dazzling, complex system of icy rings Has four major rings and hundreds of ringlets With 12,000 kilometers innermost rings from the surface MIDDLE RING – brightest ring Has some 23 moons beyond its ring TITAN – largest moon, which is 1.6 times larger than our moon - revolves once each 16 days - has methane atmosphere - with -170ºC surface temperature LAPETUS – other moon, very bright and the other side dark  URANUS Seventh planet from Sun Cold planet Unique tilt makes Uranus appear to spin on its side Has 47,000kilometers diameter 14.6 times mass that of the Earth Flipped on its side WILLIAM HERSCHEL – discovered Uranus in 1781 Atmosphere has hydrogen and methane With -170ºC temperature Surrounded by rings Has at least 17 moons Rotates at a nearly 90º angle from the plane of its orbit NEPTUNE Eight planet from Sun Like twins of Uranus Farthest planet from Sun Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds. First planet located through mathematical calculations With 17 times greater mass and its mean density is about a third of the Earth Has at least eight moons and ring system TRITON- largest moon - orbits Neptune in 5.9 days - has bright polar caps and geysers of nitrogen NEREID – smaller moon, takes nearly a year to orbit Neptune  Reasons why the planet Pluto is not anymore included in the solar system? With respect to its size and distance, Pluto is not anymore included in the solar system. Most of planetary orbits are circular, while Pluto is the most elliptical. Smaller than our moon Very cold place. Distance from the sun would appear as an ordinary star. It takes 248 years to make a single revolution. Therefore, it will be seen again in its discovered position in 2178.  How can the planet Earth sustain life? Earth can sustain life because it has the right amount of everything. Earth resides in the habitable zone, with right amount of heat energy from the nearest star (Sun) that allows water in liquid form and life to develop. How can the planet Earth sustain life? Factors that Makes the Planet Habitable The right amount of the following factors makes the planet Habitable like Earth. 1. Temperature - Influences how quickly atoms & molecules move 2. Water - Dissolves & transports chemicals within and to and from a cell 3. Atmosphere - Traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 4. Energy - Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes. 5. Nutrients - Used to build and maintain an organism’s body. 6. Magnetic Field - a planet requires a rapidly rotating magnetic field to protect it from flares from nearby stars and from harmful radiation  Earth System Earth is a dynamic body with separate but interacting parts or spheres. Earth Subsystems Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere Biosphere  Hydrosphere Reason why Earth is referred as ‘blue planet’. 72 % of Earth’s surface is water, 97% of it is salt water. Hydrologic cycle and ocean circulation are the processes that occurs in hydrosphere.  Atmosphere Relates to meteorological features and phenomena such as weather, clouds, or aerosols (particles in the air). Thin layer which is composed of primarily of nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases. Protects the Earth from incoming solar rays Absorbs and emits heat When air temperature in the lower portion of these sphere changes, weather occurs Circulates the gases that plants and animals need to survive  Geosphere Physical Earth Largest of the four spheres Extend from surface to the center of the planet (the core, mantle and crust), a depth of 6,400 kilometers and even includes the sediments found in the oceans. Includes soil, rocks and minerals SOIL – thin layer of material on the surface that supports the growth of plants - Contains of solid portion which is a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter from decayed plants and animals with air and water that occupy the open spaces between solid particles.  Biosphere Associated with living systems such as biomes or ecosystems. Includes life on land, in the oceans and rivers, and even life that we cannot see with the naked eye.  Interaction of Earth’s Spheres Waves in the shoreline - ocean waves were created by the force of moving air which then breaks against a rocky shore, where different microorganism and plants are living. Ocean waves [hydrosphere] Moving air [atmosphere] Rocky shore [geosphere] Microorganisms and plants [biosphere]  Assessment Direction: Match column A which describes the planet on column B. The repetition of your answer is allowed. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank before each number. A B ________1. The red planet a. Jupiter ________2. The ringed planet b. Venus ________3. Earth’s twin sister c. Neptune ________4. Derived from the Greek deity of heaven d. Saturn ________5. Largest planet e. Mercury ________6. Smallest planet f. Uranus ________7. The evening star g. Earth ________8. Fastest planet h. Mars ________9. Only inhabited planet ________10. Fourth largest planet  ACTIVITY Illustrate one interaction of all four spheres that occurs everyday, then explain what happens in the interaction using a minimum of 3 sentences and maximum of 5.