sociology chapter 1-3.pdf

study guide (sociology chapter 1-3) Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? a. The study of individual behavior b. The study of cultures c. The study of society and social interaction d. The study of economics C. Wright Mills once said that s...

study guide (sociology chapter 1-3) Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? a. The study of individual behavior b. The study of cultures c. The study of society and social interaction d. The study of economics C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological _______ to study how society a ects individuals. a. culture b. imagination c. method d. tool A sociologist de nes society as a group of people who reside in a de ned area, share a culture, and who: a. interact b. work in the same industry c. speak different languages d. practice a recognized religion Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a. compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b. compare one society to another c. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure d. compare individuals to groups Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? a. Astrology b. Economics c. Physics d. History Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? a. Emile Comte b. Karl Marx c. Plato d. Herbert Spencer The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to: a. whether individuals like or dislike their society b. whether research methods use statistical data or person-to-person research c. whether sociological studies can predict or improve society d. All of the above Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data? a. A large survey b. A literature search c. An in-depth interview d. A review of television programs Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were in uenced by: a. drugs b. their culture ff fi fi fl  c. their genetic makeup d. the researcher Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? a. Structural functionalism b. Con ict theory c. Positivism d. Symbolic interactionism Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle? a. Emile Durkheim b. Karl Marx c. Erving Goffmann d. George Herbert Mead Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? a. Herbert Blumer b. Max Weber c. Lester F. Ward d. W. I. Thomas Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was: a. Of no importance b. Bene cial c. Illegal d. Harmful Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn: a. interview techniques b. to apply statistics c. to generate theories d. all of the above Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: a. monumental moments in people’s lives b. common everyday life events c. both a and b d. none of the above A symbolic interactionist may compare the social interactions to? a. Human Behavior b. Con icts c. Theatrical roles d. Behaviors Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a. Participant Observation b. None of the Above c. Surveys d. Quantitive Data Analysis A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study. a. reliable b. sociological c. valid d. quantitative fl fi fl  Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ______ causes change in another. a. test subject b. behavior c. variable d. operational de nition In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable? a. The doughnuts b. The boys c. The duration of a week d. The weight gained Which statement provides the best operational de nition of “childhood obesity”? a. Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b. A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c. Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d. The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations Which materials are considered secondary data? a. Photos and letters given to you by another person b. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies c. Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results d. Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? a. Survey b. Experiment c. Web Ethnography d. Case study Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants? a. Participants do not know they are part of a study b. The researcher has no control over who is in the study c. It is larger than an ordinary sample d. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? a. Secondary data b. Survey c. Participant observation d. Experiment Which research approach is best suited to the scienti c method? a. Questionnaire b. Case study c. Ethnography d. Secondary data analysis The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a. ethnography isn’t based on hypothesis testing b. ethnography subjects are unaware they’re being studied c. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community Which best describes the results of a case study? a. It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth fi fi fi  b. Its results are not generally applicable c. It relies solely on secondary data analysis d. All of the above Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a. nonreactive b. Nonparticipatory c. nonrestrictive d. Nonconfrontive Which statement illustrates value neutrality? a. Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools c. Merely restricting children’s access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity d. physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child’s education Which person or organization de ned the concept of value neutrality? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Peter Rossi c. American Sociological Association (ASA) d. Max Weber To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? a. A fast-food restaurant b. A nonpro t health organization c. A private hospital d. A governmental agency like Health and Social Services The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. a. imperialism and relativism b. culture and society c. society and ethnocentrism d. ethnocentrism and xenocentrism The American ag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the ag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? a. Symbols b. Language c. Material culture d. Nonmaterial culture The belief that one’s culture is inferior to another culture is called: a. ethnocentrism b. nationalism c. xenocentrism d. imperialism Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney’s host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks,Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: a. culture shock fi fl fi fl  b. imperialism c. ethnocentrism d. xenocentrism 5. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism A nation’s ag is: a. A symbol b. A value c. A culture d. A folkway The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity. a. values b. sanctions c. social control d. Mores The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that a. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture b. mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary c. mores refer to material culture, whereas folkways refer to nonmaterial culture d. mores refer to nonmaterial culture, whereas folkways refer to material culture 9. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: a. linguistics b. Sapir-Whorf c. Ethnographic imager d. bilingualism Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: a. Establishes leaders b. Determines language c. Regulates behavior d. Determines laws An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. a. Dostoevsky style in lm; “American Idol” winners b. medical marijuana; lm noir c. country music; pop music d. political theory; sociological theory The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture? a. Counterculture b. Subculture c. Multiculturalism d. Afrocentricity Modern-day hipsters are an example of: a. ethnocentricity fl fi fi  b. counterculture c. subculture d. high culture Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of: a. cultural lag b. innovation c. ethnocentricity d. xenophobia Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to: a. cultural lag b. innovation c. discovery d. globalization The major difference between invention and discovery is: a. Invention is based on technology, whereas discovery is usually based on culture b. Discovery involves nding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way c. Invention refers to material culture, whereas discovery can be material or theoretic, like laws of physics d. Invention is typically used to refer to international objects, whereas discovery refers to that which is local to one’s culture That McDonald’s is found in almost every country around the world is an example of: a. globalization b. diffusion c. culture lag d. xenocentrism A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Con ict theory d. Ethnocentrism The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Con ict theory d. Ethnocentrism What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts? a. Sociobiology b. Functionalism c. Con ict theory d. Ethnocentrism The “American Dream”—the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough—is most commonly associated with which sociological theory? a. Sociobiology fl fl fl fi  b. Functionalism c. Con ict theory d. Ethnocentrism fl