Social Studies 9th Book-with-answers PDF

CURRICULAR THREAD 1 UNIT 1 AMERICA’S FIRST INHABITANTS Skills and Performance Criteria and Descriptors CS. 4.1.18. Highlight the development of the aboriginal tribes in America as well as the formation of great civilizations, such as the Maya and the Aztec....

CURRICULAR THREAD 1 UNIT 1 AMERICA’S FIRST INHABITANTS Skills and Performance Criteria and Descriptors CS. 4.1.18. Highlight the development of the aboriginal tribes in America as well as the formation of great civilizations, such as the Maya and the Aztec. CS. 4.1.19. Explain the development of the pre-Inca Andean cultures, with their principal achievements. EFL. 4.1.4. Demonstrate mindfulness, empathy, tolerance and an overall respect for the integrity of cultures in daily classroom activities. EFL. 4.1.8. Use suitable vocabulary, expressions, language and interaction styles for formal and informal social or academic situations in order to communicate specific intentions in online and face-to- face interactions. (Example: thanking, making promises, apologizing, asking permission, chatting with friends, answering in class, greeting an authority figure, etc.). EFL. 4.2.1. Understand phrases and expressions related to areas of most immediate priority within the personal and educational domains, provided speech is clearly and slowly articulated. (Example: daily life, free time, school activities, etc.). EFL. 4.2.2. Use a series of phrases and sentences to describe aspects of personal background, immediate environment and matters of immediate need in simple terms using grammatical structures learnt in class (although there may be frequent errors with tenses, personal pronouns, prepositions, etc.). EFL. 4.3.5. Use everyday reference material in order to select information appropriate to the purpose of an inquiry and relate ideas from one written source to another. 8 SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9  GLOSSARY Crayon Cray on Pleistocene: the era of the last ice age on earth. Cross: to go across or to the other side of. Settled: established a new colony in a place. Hunters and Gatherers: people who live by collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals. Shrink: to get smaller. Deforestation: the cutting down of trees and bushes. SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 9  DRIVING QUESTIONS How did the first inhabitants get to America? How did the first inhabitants in America live? How advanced were the first inhabitants of America? Artie: Inti? Artie: That sounds wonderful. We can both learn together! Inti: Yes? Inti: Exactly. What part of the ancient Artie: I think that we have learned a lot civilizations in America would you like to about the ancient world. We learned look at first? about great empires and their history but I think I would like to learn more about the Artie: With what we learned before, I Americas. remember that human beings first lived in Africa and spread out from there. I don’t Inti: Oh yeah? Why, Artie? understand how they got to America. Isn’t that quite far away? Artie: I must have landed here in the Americas for some reason, don’t you Inti:Well, there are several theories about think? Plus, from what we have learned, it but most archaeologists agree that they I think that your ancestors are very arrived in America by crossing the Bering interesting and I would like to learn a lot Strait. more about them. Artie: The what? Inti: Well, fortunately for you, Artie, I am working on that right now for school! I can Inti: The Bering Strait, or the body of water tell you what I am learning as part of my between Alaska and Russia, was actually assignment! dry land during the Pleistocene era. 10 SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 Artie: So, people just walked across it? Inti: It does. But what is really hard to do is to prove it because the Bering Strait Inti: Yes. It seems that somewhere is covered with water now and all the between 12 and 20 thousand years ago, archaeological evidence is under water! humans were able to cross the Bering Strait into the Americas due to favorable Artie: So, at some point, they crossed into climate conditions. Today the Bering Strait America and then what? is covered with water. Inti: They spread out through North and Artie: Why could they cross then and not South America and began a long process now? of going from being nomadic hunters and gatherers to sedentary and living in Inti: Well, during ice ages, ocean water villages. freezes and becomes ice. When that happens, there is less water in the oceans, Artie: Oh! I remember that from before. and ocean levels drop. During the last It means that they settled down in one ice age, ocean levels were more than 50 area and began a lifestyle based on meters below where they are now. That agriculture. allowed for a dry land bridge between Siberia and Alaska, during that period of Inti: Exactly, Artie. Here in Ecuador, that time. started happening about 6 thousand years ago. Artie: Ok, that seems to make sense. ARTIC OCEAN BERING STRAIT RUSSIAN FEDERATION SIBERIA CANADA ALASKA CHINA ALEUTIAN ISLANDS U.S. PACIFIC OCEAN JAPAN SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 11  ACTIVITIES 1. Research the Bering Strait and make a time line showing the relationship between glaciers, ocean levels and the early humans. (Linguistic, Mathematical, Visual) Answers will vary. Remember that there is no right or wrong answer. These dates are hard to prove and there is much speculation still on who and when the first people crossed into the Americas. Below I have included one possible alternative. 2. What do you think the Americas looked like when the first inhabitants arrived? Now draw your vision of the Americas 10-20,000 years ago. (Visual, corporal) Answers will vary. Inspire your students to use their imagination. They could draw landscapes, animals at the time or the first people around a campfire. 12 SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 Artie: This seems like a pretty important Artie: So, this isn’t history? time in history for your people. Inti: Technically, it’s prehistory. It’s a part Inti: Well, technically, it isn’t part of history. of the aboriginal period, which is then divided in five broad categories that vary Artie: What? I thought we were studying from area to area. history! Artie: This is so confusing, Inti! Inti: We are…. and we aren’t. Remember, we talked about how history is the written Inti: Here, look at my homework and see if record of people? Anything before the it helps you understand. written record is really considered the time period before history. Human Migration SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 13 Subject: Social Studies Grade: 9th EGB Student Name: Inti General Time Line of the Americas Arrived at least 14,000 years ago. Left behind distinctive spear points and other tools. Paleo- Indian Period First came from Asia. Clovis Culture in United States and Monteverde Culture in Chile have been identified. Archaic Period Between 10,000 to 4,000 years ago. Begins with the end of the glaciers. Society starts to go from being nomadic to sedentary. Beginning of agriculture. Formative Period Begins with the creation of the Olmec civilization. They begin to have writing. Hierarchies within societies. Integration Period Characterized by the development of the great civilizations in Meso and South America. Alliances between the different civilizations. Irrigating techniques. Metalworking begins. Expansionist Period Between the 10th Century and the 15th Century, up until the arrival of the Europeans. Had great empires such as the Aztecs and the Incas. 14 SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 Artie: Wow, Inti. Your homework is so you are talking about different periods or organized. That is really impressive! I think I stages of human development. understand it better now. When you mean it is divided into five different categories Inti: Exactly, Artie. I think you’ve got it! ACTIVITIES 1. Imagine that you have to name different time periods for your life. What would you name them? Make a chart like Inti’s homework to explain them. (Interpersonal, Linguistic, Mathematical). Answers will vary. Let your students give names to the different time periods of their lives, they can be serious such as developmental period or funny such as terrible twos. Let them invent their own special names. SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 15  2. Compare the Clovis Culture of the United States with the Monteverde Culture of Chile and fill in the chart with the similarities and the differences that you find. (Visual, corporal.) Answers will vary. The object of the exercise is to show that there are few similarities. Similarities Differences Clovis in North America, Both Early Americans 1. 1. Monteverde en South America Monteverde earlier, Clovis at least 2. 2. 1000 years later Clovis sites are identified by special 3. fluted points, Monteverde had a different point technology 4. 3. 5. 4. Artie: This is all really interesting, Inti, but Artie: Was it similar to the Egyptian when are we going to talk about where calender with 365 days based on the your people came from? sun’s movement? Inti: We’ll talk about that later. I think that Inti: Yes it was! It was called the Haab, there are other American civilizations that but they also had the 260 day Tzolk’in we should discuss and understand first. calender that they used for their sacred days and the Long Count calender that Artie: Ok, I really would like to know more was 5126 years long. about your history, Inti, but if you think we should start elsewhere, that’s fine with me! Artie: Wow, that last one sounds like a calender that never stops! Inti: Thank you, Artie. I promise that it will be interesting. Let’s start with the Maya. Inti: The Maya Empire was located in Have you ever heard of the them? Southeast Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and portions of Honduras and El Salvador. Artie: Mmm. Maybe. Did they invent a They were organized in small city-states, calender? that centered around religious and administrative buildings. In the center of Inti: Exactly! While the Egyptians were the each of these they would build pyramids, first to have a calender in their part of the palaces and temples. The government world, the Maya or the Olmec, who came was led by a monarch known as the halac just before them, were probably the first uinic, which means “the real or true man”. to invent one in our part of the world. This halac uinic had control of religion, military and civil powers. 16 SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 Artie: So, you’re saying that the Mayas Artie: Wow! They would just leave were a great civilization with many everything and go? different city-states that often fought with each other for resources and power? Inti: Yes! The beautiful city of Palenque is one example of an abandoned major Inti: Yes. The first evidence of the Maya city. Somewhere around the year 900 (2000 B.C.) shows that they lived in small, A.D., archaeologists think that there was permanent villages growing maize, beans, a serious drought in the Maya lowlands squash and chilies. They would then go on that forced people to migrate elsewhere. to build large temples and pyramids with They even think it was caused by the complex city-states that would grow and Maya themselves, by deforestation of shrink according to their luck in war, trade their lands. and agriculture. Sometimes whole cities would be abandoned when things went Artie: Wow! Humans should be more wrong. careful of their Earth! Class Society HALACH UINIC Real man KAN O CHAN AH KIN CO'OB The highest of the sun ALMENEHOOB Nobility CAAB PPOLOM Merchants and professionals YALBA UINIKOOB XIBALBA Small men SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ECUADOR 9 17