Hand Anatomy PDF

Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu NEU Faculty of Medicine Dept. Of Anatomy  DORSAL ASPECT CUTANEOUS INNERVATION PALMAR ASPECT SUPERFICIAL VEINS DORSAL ASPECT Begin as DORSAL DIGITAL VEINS They unite to form on the dorsum of the hand the dorsal metacarpal veins...

Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu NEU Faculty of Medicine Dept. Of Anatomy  DORSAL ASPECT CUTANEOUS INNERVATION PALMAR ASPECT SUPERFICIAL VEINS DORSAL ASPECT Begin as DORSAL DIGITAL VEINS They unite to form on the dorsum of the hand the dorsal metacarpal veins which in turn form the dorsal venous network. From the lateral side of the network begins the cephalic vein, from its medial aspect emerges the basilic vein. SUPERFICIAL VEINS PALMAR ASPECT  Begin as palmar digital veins which communicate with the dorsal veins through intercapitular veins.  They drain into the superficial palmar plexus from which begins the median vein of the forearm.  The plexus is superficial to the palmar aponeurosis. Deep Fascia and the flexor Retinaculum (Flexor Aspect) Palmar Aponeurosis -deep fascia of hand on the flexor aspect -Triangular in shape -superficially attached to skin -Deeply: intrinsic mm.of hand -Proximally attached to flexor retinaculum -distally: divides into 4 parts , each of which goes to each finger -Sends 2 septa towards deep part of the hand so; 3 compartments: 1- thenar 2-middle (central) 3- hypothenar Palmaris brevis muscle Superficial muscle on the ulnar side of the hand O: palmar apon.+flexor retinaculum i: skin on the ulnar margin of the hand n.: ulnar n. F: wrinkles the skin of the palm ( important in gripping) There are synovial sheaths under the flexor and extensor retinaculum. The extensor and flexor mm.’s tendons are Enclosed within these synovial sheaths either as one or group of muscles. F: to prevent the tendons against the retinaculum and the bones of the wrist Deep Fascia and the extensor Retinaculum (extensor aspect) Palmar Aponeurosis and muscular compartments in hand -deep fascia of hand on the flexor aspect -Sends 2 septa towards deep part of the hand so; 3 compartments(regions): 1- thenar 2-middle (central) 3- hypothenar Muscles of the Thenar Region  Abductor Pollicis Brevis ( median n.)  Flexor Pollicis Brevis -has superf. part(median n.) -deep part (ulnar n.)  Opponens Pollicis -median n.  Adductor Pollicis -deepest m. -has 2 heads: transverse head+ oblique head - ulnar n. mm.At thenar region Muscles of the Thenar Region  Abductor Pollicis Brevis ( median n.)  Flexor Pollicis Brevis -has superf. part(median n.) -deep part (ulnar n.)  Opponens Pollicis -median n.  Adductor Pollicis -deepest m. -has 2 heads: transverse head+ oblique head - ulnar n. Deeper Layer of the Thenar Region Intermediate Compartment (Lumbricals) O: flexor digitorum profundus’ m. Tendons i: radial margin of dorsal digital expansion N: first 2 ( index and middle fingers) by median n. 3 and 4 ( by ulnar n.) F: flex the phalanges at their metacarpophalangeal j. and extend at the interphalangeal j. Muscles of the Hypothenar Region  Palmaris Brevis  Abductor Digiti Minimi  Flexor Digiti Minimi  Opponens Digiti Minimi  N:all by ulnar n -Abductor Digiti Minimi -Flexor Digiti Minimi -Opponens Digiti Minimi Interossei muscles ( N:ULNAR N.)  Deepest group of mm.  4 dorsal,3 palmar  DORSAL INTEROSSEI occupy the space bw.the metacarpal bones and ins. To the dorsal digital exp. F: abducts the fingers  PALMAR INTEROSSEI occupy the space bw.the metacarpal bones and ins. To the dorsal digital exp. (radial side) F: adducts the fingers The Interossei Superficial Palmar Arch Formed mainly by the ulnar a. joining With a branch from radial a. Branches of the superf. Palmar arch: Common palmar digital aa.+2 Proper palmar digital aa The Deep Palmar Arch Formed mainly by radial a. ( takes a branch from ulnar a. namely deep palmar br.) Brches:Palmar metacarpal aa. Which then join the common palmar digital aa. Palmar and Dorsal Carpal Arches Video links  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyl6eoU-3Rg  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aIHxXqKzcU  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6KCGR7j_Tw  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zA6TeMx2vc innervations of forearm&hand  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AAligXLJ1A clinical-injury to nn.of hand-animation  Acknowledgement: I thank you to all the scientists who for their efforts of providing and sharing the information/knowledge used in this ppt.