Indonesian Resistance Movements PDF

# Perlawanan Rakyat Indonesia ## Perlawanan Pangeran Diponegoro - **Perlawanan**: Raden Mas Antawirya (Pangeran Dipanegara) - **Location**: Jogjakarta, Surakarta - **Years**: 1825-1830 **Causes:** - **Exploitation of the people**: Dutch imposed high taxes and oppression. - **Discrimination again...

# Perlawanan Rakyat Indonesia ## Perlawanan Pangeran Diponegoro - **Perlawanan**: Raden Mas Antawirya (Pangeran Dipanegara) - **Location**: Jogjakarta, Surakarta - **Years**: 1825-1830 **Causes:** - **Exploitation of the people**: Dutch imposed high taxes and oppression. - **Discrimination against nobility**: Nobility was stripped of their rights, including the right to lease land. - **Dutch interference in the palace**: The Dutch interfered in the appointment of the Sultan and altered palace customs. - **Religious tensions**: The Dutch promoted Christianity in the area, which angered many people. **Strategies:** - **Guerilla warfare**: Pangeran Diponegoro led a campaign of hit-and-run attacks against the Dutch. - **Moving of the headquarters**: The headquarters of Pangeran Diponegoro were frequently moved to evade Dutch forces. **End of the resistance:** - **Capture of Pangeran Diponegoro**: He was captured in 1830 and exiled to Manado. - **Dutch control of Yogyakarta and Surakarta**: The Dutch gained control of these areas. ## Perlawanan Sisingamangaraja - **Perlawanan**: Patuan Bosar Sisingamaraja XII - **Location**: Tapanuli - **Year**: 1878-1907 **Causes**: - **Dutch interference in Batak territory**: The Dutch reduced the size of Batak territory, established missions, and interfered in the affairs of the people. - **Forced labor**: The Dutch used forced labor to build infrastructure in the region. - **Dutch presence in the Tapanuli area**: The Dutch stationed troops in the area. **End of the resistance:** - **Death of Sisingamangaraja**: Sisingamangaraja was killed in battle in 1907 along with his family. - **Dutch takeover of Tapanuli**: The Dutch gained full control of the region. ## Perlawanan Banjar - **Perlawanan**: Pangeran Hidayatullah and Pangeran Antasari - **Location**: Banjar - **Year**: 1859-1863 **Causes:** - **Dutch interference in Banjar**: The Dutch exploited resources and interfered in the local government. - **Loss of land**: The Dutch took over plantations and other land. - **Disinheritance of the rightful heir**: The Dutch sidelined the rightful heir to the throne. **Strategies:** - **Guerilla warfare**: Pangeran Hidayatullah and Pangeran Antasari employed hit-and-run tactics, and created a new kingdom in the interior. - **Fort building** **End of the resistance:** - **Loss of control:** The Dutch eventually gained control of the region. - **Death of Pangeran Antasari**: He died in 1863. ## Perlawanan Aceh - **Perlawanan**: Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dien - **Location**: Sumatra - **Year**: 1873-1874 **Causes:** - **Dutch attempt to impose Dutch control**: The Dutch aimed to impose Dutch dominance in the region. - **Dutch interference in Aceh**: The Dutch attempted to exploit Aceh's resources. - **Rejection of the Sumatra Treaty**: Aceh refused to sign the treaty that would have given the Dutch control. **Strategies:** - **Guerilla warfare**: Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dien led a resistance against the Dutch. **End of the resistance:** - **Death of Teuku Umar**: Teuku Umar was killed in 1899. - **Death of Cut Nyak Dien**: Cut Nyak Dien was captured in 1908. ## Perlawanan Rakyat Bali - **Perlawanan**: 1 Gusti Anglurah Ketut Jelantik - **Location**: Bali - **Year**: 1846-1849 **Causes:** - **Dutch attempt to control Bali**: The Dutch sought to seize control of the island. - **Introduction of the "hak Tawan Karang"**: The "hak Tawan Karang" system forced people to serve as slaves and laborers for the Dutch. **Strategies:** - **Resistance to Dutch control**: People in Bali resisted the Dutch. **End of the resistance:** - **Escape of Gusti Jelatik**: He escaped Dutch captivity. ## Perlawanan Rakyat Maluku - **Perlawanan**: Thomas Matulessi (Pattimura), Christina Martha Tiahahu - **Location**: Maluku - **Year**: 1817 **Causes:** - **Economic hardship**: People in Maluku were facing economic decline. - **Forced recruitment of soldiers**: The Dutch forced people to serve in the Dutch army. - **Abuse of local leaders**: The Dutch mistreated local leaders. **Strategies:** - **Resistance to Dutch forces**: The people of Maluku clashed with Dutch forces. **End of the resistance:** - **Capture of Pattimura**: Pattimura was captured and executed in 1817. ## Perlawanan Padri - **Perlawanan**: Hj. Miskin, Hj. Piambang, Hj. Sumanik, Imam Bonjol - **Location**: Minangkabau - **Year**: 1821-1837 **Causes:** - **Social and religious tensions**: The Padri, a group of Islamic reformers, attempted to purify Islam by eliminating practices like gambling, opium use, and alcohol consumption. This led to conflict with traditional adat practices. - **Clash of cultures**: The Padri saw the traditional adat practices as incompatible with Islam. **Strategies:** - **Resistance to Dutch forces**: The Padri fought against the Dutch forces. **End of the resistance:** - **Capture of Imam Bonjol**: Imam Bonjol was captured and exiled to Cianjur in Java.