SLH 313L Auditory Perception Review - Fall 2024 PDF
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Uploaded by FinerConnemara4006
2024
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Summary
This document is a review of auditory perception concepts. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle and inner ear, auditory nervous system, psychoacoustics, masking, loudness, and pitch perception. The material discusses the language effect on auditory processing. The document was created for a course at a university called Hearing Science, and was completed in Fall 2024. The specific title of the document is "Review of the 2nd section - Auditory Perception."
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Review of the 2nd section – Auditory Perception SLH 313L, Hearing Science, December 1, 2024 1. Outer ear a) Anatomy: pinna and outer ear canal b) Physiology: i. Collect sound ii. Sound pressure gain (amply middle frequencies 1-5 kHz) iii. Sound localization iv....
Review of the 2nd section – Auditory Perception SLH 313L, Hearing Science, December 1, 2024 1. Outer ear a) Anatomy: pinna and outer ear canal b) Physiology: i. Collect sound ii. Sound pressure gain (amply middle frequencies 1-5 kHz) iii. Sound localization iv. Protection on tympanic membrane 2. Middle ear a) Anatomy: i. TM, three auditory ossicles and two middle ear muscles b) Physiology i. Sound transmission 1. Amplification in the middle frequency 2. Three mechanisms for impedance mismatch problem a) Area ratio b) Lever system c) Buckling of TM ii. Protection of hearing 1. Acoustic reflex: two middle ear muscles 3. Inner ear a) General anatomy: vestibule and cochlea b) Anatomy of cochlea i. Three scalae, two membranes, helicotrema ii. Organ of Corti 1. Inner and Outer hair cells: a) Afferent innervations: many-to-one and one-to-many pattern c) Physiology of cochlea i. Response of basilar membrane 1. Traveling wave of the basilar membrane: displacement of BM caused by the flow of perilymph in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. 2. Frequency selectivity: tuning curve, characteristic frequency 3. Intensity resolution: nonlinearity at CF and linearity at non-CF 4. Auditory nervous system a) Organization of ANS: auditory neuron (nerve), nuclei in auditory brainstem and auditory forebrain b) Auditory neuron and nerve i. Anatomy: two types of auditory fibers; Type I and Type II; Spiral ganglion ii. Physiology 1. Spontaneous firing and thresholds 1 2. Tuning curve (frequency selectivity) 3. Intensity resolution: threshold, saturation, and dynamic range 4. Phase locking c) Auditory brainstem: the four nuclei d) Auditory forebrain i. Auditory cortex 5. Introduction to psychoacoustics a) Definition of psychoacoustics b) Three auditory tasks c) Psychoacoustic methods i. Method of limit ii. Method of constant stimuli: psychometric function iii. Scaling method 6. Auditory masking a) Masking i. Definition ii. Amount of masking (masking efficiency): how to define iii. Maskers: what can be maskers? b) Tonal masking i. Psychoacoustic tuning curve: frequency selectivity; figure c) Auditory filter i. Definition ii. Auditory filter bandwidth: 1. measure – notch noise 2. relationship with frequency selectivity 3. affecting factors: signal level and hearing status 7. Loudness and pitch perception a) Loudness i. Definition ii. How to measure it: matching and scaling method iii. Loudness growth function: figure 1. scaling method; sone 2. loudness recruitment b) Pitch i. Definition ii. How to measure it: matching and scaling method iii. Pitch of complex sounds 1. Complex tones: missing fundamentals (virtual pitch): figure and theoretical models 8. Language effect on auditory processing a) Spectral shape discrimination (phonetic density model) b) Pitch perception 2
