Skopos Theory: Why Purpose Matters PDF

CIHAN UNIVERSITY Skopos Theory: Why Purpose Matters? Theories of Translation/ Dr. Momen Yaseen M. Amin Lavyar Muhammed Sarya Abdulla Overview Introduction Skopos Theory Key points Skopos Rules The usage of Skopos Theory...

CIHAN UNIVERSITY Skopos Theory: Why Purpose Matters? Theories of Translation/ Dr. Momen Yaseen M. Amin Lavyar Muhammed Sarya Abdulla Overview Introduction Skopos Theory Key points Skopos Rules The usage of Skopos Theory in translation through examples Practice References Introduction Skopos theory offers a valuable framework in translation by emphasizing the importance of purpose. Developed in the late 20th century, it asserts that the effectiveness of a translation lies in its ability to meet the specific needs of the target audience. Rather than strictly adhering to the source text. Translators are encouraged to adapt their approaches based on the intended function of the translation—whether to inform, persuade, or entertain. This flexibility allows for cultural nuances to be addressed, ultimately leading to translations that are not only accurate but also engaging and relevant. By prioritizing purpose, Skopos theory enhances the impact of translations and bridges cultural divides more effectively. Skopos Theory Skopos theory is an approach to translation which was developed in Germany in the late 1970s by Hans J. Vermeer, and which reflects a general shift from predominantly linguistic and rather formal translation theories to a more functionally and socioculturally oriented concept of translation. Skopos theory takes seriously factors which have always been stressed in action theory, and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the latter half of the twentieth century for the translation of non- literary text types. Why Purpose Matters ? Specifying Getting to You will know the Choosing the target know the register the style audience. terminology It all depends on the purpose of the text in a way there are so many ways to translate the text as there are possible purposes that this text fulfills. Key Points The translation should serve its intended function in the target Purpose Driven context, which may differ from the original text's function. Understanding the needs and expectations of the target Target Audience audience is crucial for determining how to translate the text. Translators must consider cultural difference and adapt the Cultural Context text accordingly to ensure it resonates with the target audience. Translators have the freedom to alter the original text’s form or Flexibility content as long as they maintain the intended purpose.  The three fundamental rules of Skopos theory are: Skopos 1. Skopos Rule Rules This rule is the most crucial, as the entire translation process is driven by its purpose. The Skopos rule emphasizes that literary translations should accurately convey the author's meanings to the target audience. Vermeer identified three types of translation purposes: the general purpose, which allows translators to earn a living; the communicative purpose, which aims to educate the target audience; and the purpose related to the translation methods used. Skopos 2. Coherence Rule Rules The coherence rule means that, as Reiss and Vermeer (1984:113) said, intratextual coherence should be acceptable in a way that it could be coherent in the receivers' situation. the translated works should be coherent, especially for the target text receivers in consideration of their circumstances and knowledge. Skopos 3. Fidelity Rule Rules In Nord’s idea, the translator has the moral responsibility for the translation recipient. The fidelity rule refers to the inter-textual coherence between the original text and the translated. Another aspect of this principle is the translator should be loyal to the source text. Translators should respect the writers and readers. As Munday (2016:127) said, faithfulness does not imply a direct imitation of the source text; rather, it allows for adjustments to be made to achieve fidelity to the intended meaning in the target language.  When translating advertising slogans a translator might What are the instances of prioritize emotional resonance over literal accuracy. Skopos Theory in translation? Marketing Campaigns When translating contracts or legal documents, the Skopos is Legal Texts Skopos Theory News Articles to ensure clarity and precision. Film Subtitles Journalistic pieces that inform readers about current events and issues. The skopos includes delivering dialogue in a concise way that fits the timing constraints. Practice Marketing News Title Legal Terms Slogans Donald Trump wins Appeal Open happiness. 2024 US election in Term (Coca-Cola) historic comeback Perjury  Gong, Y. (2020). Translation Strategies of The Strange Days Under Skopos Theory. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 10(9), 1153-1157. REFERENCES Schäffner, C. (1998). Skopos theory. Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, 17, 235-238. Trisnawati, I. K. (2014). Skopos theory: A practical approach in the translation process. Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities, 1(2).