Skeletal System (CN) (1) PDF

By: Dr. Khulood Al-Khater  The Skeletal System is made up of: 1. Bones & Joined together 2. Cartilages by Joints  Bone  Definition: A special type of connective tissue that has a calcified matrix  It consists of: 1....

By: Dr. Khulood Al-Khater  The Skeletal System is made up of: 1. Bones & Joined together 2. Cartilages by Joints  Bone  Definition: A special type of connective tissue that has a calcified matrix  It consists of: 1. Cells 2. Fibers 3. Matrix http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bone_growth.png/450px-Bone_growth.png  Functions of the Bone  Support  Protection  Movement  Storage of minerals  Production of blood cells Classification of Bones Shape According to Region Structure  I. According to shape Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. humerus carpal cranial vertebra patella bones bones Illu long bone.jpg ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﺮؤ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋ‬ II. According to region Axial Appendicular Bones in the Bones of the midline & limbs bones of the (including trunk the girdles) Green: Axial skeleton Pink: Appendicular skeleton III. According to the structure of the bone Compact Cancellous Appears as a Appears as a solid mass branching network of trabeculae  Axial skeleton Skull Vertebral column Thoracic cage  Skull Skull Cranial Facial bones bones Vault of Base of the skull the skull  Cranial Bones ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﺮؤ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋ‬  1 frontal bone  2 parietal bones  2 temporal bones These are united by  1 sphenoid bone sutures  1 occipital bone Foramen Magnum  1 ethmoid bone Fontanelle  Facial Bones ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﺮؤ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋ‬  2 maxillae  2 zygomatic bones  1 mandible  2 nasal bones  2 lacrimal bones  1 vomer Hyoid bone  Vertebral column Gray 111 - Vertebral column-coloured.png  Formed of 33 vertebrae  These 33 vertebrae are grouped in 5 regions: 1. Cervical (7 vert) 2. Thoracic (12 vert) 3. Lumbar (5 vert) 4. Sacral (5 fused vert) 5. Coccygeal (4 fused vert)  Vertebrae Body (anteriorly) Vertebral arch (posteriorly) made up of pedicles & laminae Transverse processes (laterally) Spinous processes (posteriorly) Sacrum & Coccyx  Thoracic cage Picture  Formed of: 1. 1 Sternum 2. Ribs & costal cartilages (12 pairs) 3. 12 Thoracic vertebrae Ribs 1st Rib  Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Upper Limb Lower Limb  Appendicular skeleton: Upper Limb Shoulder Girdle Clavicle & scapula Bones of Upper arm Humerus Bones of Forearm Radius & Ulna Bones of the hand 8 Carpal bones 5 Metacarpal bones 14 Phalanges Appendicular skeleton: Upper Limb Humerus Ulna Radius File:Radius post.jpg Scapula Bones of the hand  Appendicular skeleton: Lower Limb Pelvic Girdle 2 hip bones (pelvis) & sacrum Bones of the thigh Femur Bones of the leg Tibia & Fibula Bones of the foot 7 Tarsal bones 5 Metatarsal bones 14 Phalanges Pelvic Girdle Femur (thigh bone)  Bones of the leg  Fibula  Tibia  Bones of the foot  7 Tarsal bones  5 Metatarsal bones Talus  14 Phalanges Calcaneum  Cartilage orthopaedics glossary Types Hyaline Elastic fibrocartilage cartilage cartilage  Joints  Site of articulation of 2 or more bones Types Synovial Cartilaginous Fibrous  SHOULDER JOINT  Articulation  Type: synovial (ball- and-socket) Elbow joint  Knee Joint Lower end of femur upper end of The patella tibia Synovial Synovial (Hinge) (plane) Intervertebral Disc