Science Grade 10 Reviewer 2.1 PDF

[Projectile Motion] - It is the motion of an object undergoing a curved path. [Scalar Quantity] - These are quantities that only have magnitude, which means that these quantities can only have positive values. [Vector Quantity] - These are the quantities that have both direction and magnitude; thu...

[Projectile Motion] - It is the motion of an object undergoing a curved path. [Scalar Quantity] - These are quantities that only have magnitude, which means that these quantities can only have positive values. [Vector Quantity] - These are the quantities that have both direction and magnitude; thus, these quantities may have negative or positive values. [Projectile] - It is the name of the object experiencing motion. [Trajectory] - It is the name of the path that the projectile takes. [Parabolic] - It is the general shape of any projectile takes in projectile motion. [2 dimensions of projectile motion] - Horizontal - Vertical [Velocity] - It is speed with magnitude / direction. [Horizontal motion] - Here the acceleration is 0 and thus the velocity is constant, in this motion. [Vertical motion] -- Here the acceleration is caused by gravity, and thus its velocity is not constant and changes for each change in time. [Height] - It is the distance of the projectile from the ground a certain time [*t*]{.math.inline}. [Range] - It is the horizontal distance that the projectile covers. [Origin] - Name of the place where the projectile originated. [ − 9.8 *m*/*s*^2^]{.math.inline} *-- It is the approximate values of gravity, that also acts as the acceleration in the vertical dimension.* [0 m/s] - This is the velocity of the projectile at [*v*~y\ max ~]{.math.inline}. [45°] - This is the degree at which the projectile shall experience the longest range out of all the other angles. [Electricity] -- It is the energy that comes from the motion of charges. [Electrical energy] -- Another name for electricity. [Electrical charge] - It is the property of matter that creates a force between objects. [Friction] - It is the most common means of gaining / losing electrons. [Law of the conservation of charge] - It states that charges cannot be created nor destroyed and can only be transferred from one material to another. [Law of electric charges] - It states that positively charged objects are attracted to negatively charged objects, and vice versa for same charged objects (e.g. positive to positive; negative to negative). [Current] -- It is the measure of the number of electrons transferred over a set time. [Amps (A)] -- Unit of current. [Ampere] -- Another name for current. [Voltage] -- It is the force that causes the flow of electrons. [Volts (V)] -- Unit of voltage. [Resistance] -- It is the tendency of the material to oppose the flow of electrons. [Ohms (][*Ω*]{.math.inline}[)] -- Unit of resistance. [Electron flow] - It is when the electrons collide and transfer from one atom to another, thus ensuring the movement of electrons. [Circuit] - It is a closed continuous loop of conductors, where current travels. [Conductors] - It is any material that allows for the easy flow of current. [Insulator] - It is any material that inhibits the flow of current. [Closed circuit] - It is the prerequisite condition for a flow of current. [Parts of a circuit] - Energy source - Load - Conductor [Energy source] -- This is the source of energy of the circuit and is also the source to push a charge through the circuit. [Load] -- It is the device in the circuit that uses electrical energy. [Conductor] -- It is a material that allows electrical energy to flow. [Electric current] -- It comes from the motion of electrical charge. [Resistor] -- It is a part of the circuit that uses energy in a specific way. [Wire] -- It is a cylindrical, flexible, strand or rod of metal through which current flows through. [Bulb] -- It is a load that uses current to emanate light. [Battery] -- It is a device that is made of at least 2 electrochemical cells, that have external connections. [Ammeter] -- It is an instrument used for measuring the current. [Voltmeter] -- It is an instrument used for measuring voltage. [Switch] -- Used to determine if the circuit shall have a flow of electrons or not. [2 types of circuit] - Series - Parallel [Series] -- It is a type of circuit where there is only 1 path for electricity to flow. [Parallel] -- It is a type of circuit where there is more than 1 path for the electricity to flow through. [Ohm's law] -- It is the law used to calculate the relationship between voltage, resistance, and current. [George Simon Ohm] -- He is the German Physicist that formulated the Ohm's law. [Branch] -- It is a conducting path from one junction to another in a parallel circuit. [The relationship of voltage, current and resistance based on Ohm's law] - [*V* = *IR*]{.math.inline} [Ohm's law in different circuit types] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circuit type Current Voltage Resistance -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parallel \ \ \ [\$\$I\_{T} = \\sum\_{k = 0}\^{n}I\_{k}\$\$]{.math.display}\ [*V*~*T*~ = *V*~1~ = *V*~2~ = ⋯ = *V*~*n*~]{.math.display}\ [\$\$R\_{T} = \\sum\_{k = 0}\^{n}R\_{k}\$\$]{.math.display}\ Series \ \ \ [*I*~*T*~ = *I*~1~ = *I*~2~ = ⋯ = *I*~*n*~]{.math.display}\ [\$\$V\_{T} = \\sum\_{k = 0}\^{n}V\_{k}\$\$]{.math.display}\ [\$\$R\_{T} = \\left( \\sum\_{k = 0}\^{n}\\frac{1}{R\_{k}} \\right)\^{- 1}\$\$]{.math.display}\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------