SHS_HUMSS_PPG_Q1_WEEK4.docx

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region VII, Central Visayas **Division of Bohol** **PHILIPPINE POLITIC AND GOVERNANCE** ===================================== **FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 4** +-----------------------+-----------------------+--------------------...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region VII, Central Visayas **Division of Bohol** **PHILIPPINE POLITIC AND GOVERNANCE** ===================================== **FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 4** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Competency** | **:** | Analyze the nature, | | | | dimension/types, and | | | | consequences of power | | | | | | | | (no code indicated) | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Reference** | **:** | https://onlinelibrary | | | |.wiley.com, | | | | https://www.researchg | | | | ate.net/publication/2 | | | | 73137039\_Assertivene | | | | ss\_as\_a\_Determinan | | | | t | | | | | | | | \_of\_an\_Individual\ | | | | 's\_Power, | | | | | | | | http://hawaii.edu/pow | | | | erkills/TCH.CHAP21.HT | | | | M | | | | | | | | https://www.hawaii.ed | | | | u\>powerkills | | | | | | | | R. A. Pawilen et al | | | | 2017. Philippine | | | | Politics and | | | | Governance. Rex | | | | Bookstore | | | | | | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Copyright** | | For classroom use | | | | only | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ --------------- --------------------- **LESSON 1:** **Nature of Power** --------------- --------------------- ***"During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war as is of every man against every man." - Thomas Hobbes*** **THE CONCEPT OF POWER** Power is an inescapable feature of human social life and structure. The Standard theory is that power is the capacity for influence and that influence is based on the control of resources valued or desired by others. "Power is the ability to implement one's will." The expanded definition of power according to Rees (1999) is: "The ability to influence various outcomes by mobilizing resources (human and material) to get things done within a web of relations." Bertrand Russell once wrote 'that the fundamental concept in social science is Power, in the same sense in which Energy is the fundamental concept in physics.' (Russell 1938, p. 10). At its most general level power is energy, or a capacity for action, which is fundamental to agency. When an agent makes a difference in the social world, they have power. In everyday speech there is a tendency to conceptualize power in a normatively negative manner. However, from a social science perspective, a world without power would be a world without the agency to do things. According to Following Allen, we should distinguish between **power-over, power-to and power-with.** **\"Power over\"** is the ability to dominate another person or group\--as in \"I have power over him. This means, \"I have the ability to make him do what I want him to do.\" Power-over usually comes from force and threat. If the subordinate fails to do what he or she is asked to do, the dominant person will use force to make the subordinate person comply. **\"Power to\"** is the ability to do something on one's own\--it refers to one's abilities. Sources of this kind of power are intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina, etc. These resources give some people the power to accomplish things that others cannot. **\"Power with\"** is similar to \"power to\" in that it reflects ability, but \"power with\" is the ability to work with others to get something done by cooperation. This is the power of consensus\--the power of people working together to solve a common problem. **Activity 1.**  ***Direction: Draw a happy face** **if the statement describes power otherwise draw sad face*** 1\. In understanding power, it is important to know the distinction between power-over, power-to and power-with. 2\. Power is a fundamental concept of social science. 3\. Power will not exist without social science 4\. Power is the ability to influence various outcomes through the use of resources. --------------- ------------------------------ **LESSON 2:** **Dimension/types of Power** --------------- ------------------------------ **Dimensions of power** **First dimension of power**: It is also referred to as direct power. It is where one uses money or force to achieve a purpose. The consequence of this type of power is that only the powerful have a say. **The Second dimension of power**: The second dimension of power does not necessary favor the powerful. The consequence of this type of power is that it is able to see the cause and effect of each decision to get the best solution. Using this type of power, makes one make favorable decisions. **The third dimension of Power**: This type avoid conflict but on the other hand causes the needy and less fortunate to feel they are powerless to reject. The consequence of this type of power is that it uses manipulation to make the unfortunate to feel helpless even when they can raise a voice in the matters. **The Fourth dimension of power**. This is one of the latest observable sources of power. It is a combination of all the three types of power in a limited way. This type of power was analyzed in the 1980s and 1990s. It describes how social conventions arise and make their establishments. **Different Types of Power** **Coercive power**: It takes place when someone in higher authority threatens a subordinate with different punishments if certain tasks or duties is not performed or completed in time and correctly. This power is conveyed through fear of being demoted, losing one's job, or receiving a poor review of performance. It is gotten through threatening others. ** Legitimate power**: It comes from having a position of power in an organization; example is being a boss in the organization or a key member of a leadership team. It exists when subordinates of someone in authority obeys orders given to them because they believe that the person is in a position of power to be able to give them such orders. ** Reward power**: The subordinates are rewarded and given incentives for carrying out tasks and orders given by a superior. Rewards include promotions, bonuses, increase in salaries, extra-time off from work, public praise, and so on. The main aim of reward power is spurring up subordinates for effectiveness and productivity. ** Referent power**: This power comes from being respected and trusted. Leaders in the business industry have gained referent power by entrusting their employees with so much tasks and responsibilities in performing their jobs. ** Expert power**: This is a type of power that comes from one's skills, knowledge and experience. People naturally respect and follow those who are experts in a certain field. **Activity 2** ***Identify the dimension of power being describe by the statement.*** 1. It describes how social conventions arise and make their establishments. 2. Able to see the cause and effect of each decision to get the best solution. 3. It uses manipulation to make the unfortunate to feel helpless even when they can raise a voice in the matters. ***Identify the type of power being describe by the statement.*** 1. This power comes from being respected and trusted. 2. It comes from having a position of power in an organization. 3. It is gotten through threatening others. --------------- --------------------------- **LESSON 3:** **Consequences of Power** --------------- --------------------------- Power and consequence are often closely related. The basic principle is that a person with power has the ability to create consequences for the target person, who takes these consequences into account when they are deciding whether to comply with a request or refuse it. **Punishment** A very common attribute of power is that the wielder of power has the ability to coerce the target into compliance through the threat of some kind of punishment. The basic transaction is hence \'Do as I say or else I will harm you in some way\'. The person is then faced with the choice of obedience or suffering the consequences that the powerful person can create. Punishment can take many forms. In a business setting it can be as direct as being sacked or less obvious in the way that the target person may be given work that is less desirable than that they might get if they complied with the request. **Prevention** Some people do not have the power to directly punish, though they may have the ability to withhold something or prevent the target person getting what they want. The transaction here is \'Do as I say or else you will not get what you want\'. Prevention in business situations could be loss of cooperation or stopping the person from getting promoted. It is also seen in \'gateway\' roles, for example a personal assistant who has the power to allow others to speak with their manager or turning the target person away. **Power loss** There is also consequence for the person wielding the power. Sometimes use power of power leads to gaining more power as the dominated person becomes cowed and hence easier to persuade in future. Sometimes the use of power has no effect on the balance of power in the future. And sometimes there is negative consequences for the person using the power, in that in using power it is spent, like money, and may not be easy to regain. An example of losing power when it is used is where you have helped a person in the past and they feel obliged to comply when you ask something of them in return. When they agree to your request, they then feel the obligation has been discharged and hence you have less power over them. **Some Positive Consequences of Power** **Some Negative Consequences of Power** **Activity 3** From personal experience, cite one example of situation that shows exercise of power and its consequence. Identify if it is a negative consequence or positive consequence and explain why. **Situation that shows exercise of power** **Consequences** **Positive or Negative?** **Why is it considered as positive or negative?** -------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- **ASSESSMENT** ***Multiple Choice*** Instruction: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Democracy B. Freedom C. Negotiation D. War 2. The following statements describes the nature of power **EXCEPT** A. is the ability to implement one's will B. the fundamental concept in social science C. is an escapable feature of human social life and structure D. none of these 3. The ability to do something on one's own is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. \"Power over\" B. \"Power to\" C. \"Power with\" D. \"Power of\" 4. The type of power that makes a person to be respected due to his or her skills and knowledge. A. Coercive power C. Legitimate power B. Expert power D. Reward power 5. One of the attributes of power is that the person exercising power can urge the target into compliance through threat of punishment. The transaction that best describes this attribute is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. \'Do as I say or else you will not get what you want\' B. \'Do as I say or else, I will harm you in some way\' C. \'Do as I say or else you will forever feel the guilt\' D. \'Do as I say or else, I will be harmed\' 6. According to Following Allen, this power usually comes from force and threat. A. \"Power over\" B. \"Power to\" C. \"Power with\" D. \"Power of\" 7. Which of the following situation would result to **power loss** as an attribute to the exercise of power? A. A newly elected mayor implementing projects in his municipality B. A teacher giving high marks to the learners who submitted their projects on time C. A company CEO asking favors from an employee whom he helped to be employed by the company. D. None of these 8. "From a social science perspective, a world without power would be a world without the agency to do things." The statement above means that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Without social science, power will not exist B. A world without power also means world without social science C. Social science needs the agency to do things in the world D. Without power, the world would find it difficult to implement its will 9. Glenn, as the CEO of the company, ordered his employees to increase their sales and told them that their failure to do what he ordered would result in termination of their employment. What type of power/s in being exercised by Glenn? A. Coercive power only C. Coercive power & Expert power B. Legitimate power only D. Coercive power & Legitimate power 10. Ed is the owner of construction company. During the pandemic, he made an adjustment to the salary of his workers, making it 10 percent less than their previous salary. The workers were disappointed with the adjustment; however, they still chose to work for Ed because they realized that it was better than having no work at all. The situation above is a manifestation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. First dimension of power C. Third dimension of power B. Second dimension of power D. Fourth dimension of power