Session 2-5 PDF: Human Anatomy and Movement

Session 2-5 Topics: o Different Related Sciences to Human Movement o Body Parts o Body Types o Man’s Biological Make - up and Fitness a. Muscular System b. Skeletal System o Anatomical Structure o Anatomical Positions o Anatomical Movement  Anatom...

Session 2-5 Topics: o Different Related Sciences to Human Movement o Body Parts o Body Types o Man’s Biological Make - up and Fitness a. Muscular System b. Skeletal System o Anatomical Structure o Anatomical Positions o Anatomical Movement  Anatomy Different Physiology Sciences Sports Biomechanics Related to Kinesiology Human Sports Psychology Movement Epidemiology Different Sciences Related to Human Movement is the study of the structure and relationship between Anatomy body parts. is the study of the function of body parts and the Physiology body as a whole. Sports Biomechanics Kinesiology Sports Psychology Epidemiolo Different Sciences Related to Human Movement studies human motion during exercise and sports. Sports Biomechanics Physics and the laws of mechanics are applied to athletic performance. Explores the study of human movement, integrating Kinesiology principles from anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and psychology to understand and enhance physical activity and health. Anatomy Physiology Sports Psychology Epidemiolo  Different Sciences Related to Human Movement Explores psychological factors that affect Sports Psychology performance and physical activity. is related to the branch of medicine that deals with Epidemiology the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases, and other factors relating to health. Anatomy Physiology Sports Kinesiology Human Body the physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems. Human body, the physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems. PARTS OF THE BODY ✓ Our body is an ultimate mover that makes us either enjoy or hate life. ✓ and each part has its own function that depends on one another. ✓ Knowing the parts of the body, its system, and capabilities and limitation are essential for physical education and for effective performance in physical activities. Body Types or Physique Body types or physique classification distinguish certain physiological and personality traits. Classification Good physique boosts an individual morale and self-confidence. On the other hand, people who does not have good physique are more conscious and have low self-esteem. Ernst Kretschmer William Sheldon  Body Types or Physique Classification Ernst Kretschmer William Sheldon a German psychiatrist who an American psychologist known proposed the types of physique for his theory on associating similar to Sheldon’s classification. physique with personality and delinquency. Ectomorph (Asthenic) Mesomorph (Athletic) Endomorph (Pyknic) - Lean - Muscular individual with broad - Broad - Slim shoulders - Rounded figure - Shallow-chested - Well-developed chest, - Large head - Tall in proportion to their weight - Robust and strong - Heavy neck - Has a difficult in building muscle. - Has a good metabolism and - Ruddy face responsive muscle cells - Has a high tendency to store body fat  Your biological makeup encompasses how your body is put Man’s Biological Make-up together. It’s like the intricate blueprint that shapes you from the inside out. Cell the basic membrane-bound Tissue unit that contains are groups of cells the fundamental Organism that have a similar Organ molecules of life structure a group of tissues in and of which all a living organism Organ system living things are that have been is a group of organs composed. adapted to perform a that work together to specific function. perform a certain function in an organism’s body. Man’s Biological Make-up Muscular System The muscular system refers to the biological system composed of muscles and their associated tissues that enable movement, stability, and various other functions within the body. Functions of the Muscular System: Movement: Muscles generate force and contraction to produce movement of the body and its parts Stability and Posture: Muscles work together to maintain body position against gravity and stabilize joints. Heat Production: Muscle contractions generate heat as a byproduct, contributing to thermoregulation and maintaining body temperature. Protection: Muscles provide protection to internal organs and structures. For example, abdominal muscles protect abdominal organs, and muscles around the eye socket protect the eyeball. Man’s Biological Make-up Muscular System There are three main types of muscle tissues in the human body: Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, striated muscle responsible for movement and posture. Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated muscle specific to the heart, ensuring circulation. Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non- striated muscle found in organs, regulating internal processes Man’s Biological Make-up Muscular System Large Muscle Group Example Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System the framework of bones and cartilage that provides structure, support, and protection to the human body. It consists of bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments, all working together Functions of the Skeletal System: Support: The skeletal system provides structural support for the entire body. Protection: Bones protect vital organs and delicate tissues from injury and trauma. Movement: Bones, in conjunction with muscles and joints, allow for movement. Mineral Storage: Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone strength and overall bodily functions. Blood Cell Production Energy Storage: Bone marrow also serves as a storage site for fat cells, providing a reserve of energy. Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types Short Flat Irregular Long Sesamoid Bones  Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types of Bone: Short Are roughly cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length, width, and thickness. They provide support and stability with little movement. Flat Irregular Long Sesamoid Carpals Tarsals  Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types of Bone: Flat Are thin, flattened, and usually curved. They provide protection and serve as attachment sites for muscles. Cranium Ribs Irregular Long Sesamoid Scapulae Sternum  Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types of Bone: Irregular have complex shapes that do not fit into the categories of long, short, or flat bones. They often have unique functions related to protection or specialized movement. Vertebrae Pelvis Long Sesamoid  Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types of Bone: Long characterized by their elongated shape and are longer than they are wide. Phalanges Humerus Femur Sesamoid Ulna Tibia Radius Fibula Man’s Biological Make-up Skeletal System Types of Bone: Sesamoid are small, round bones embedded within tendons or muscles. They reduce friction, modify pressure, and aid in muscle function. Patella Structure of the Human Body Anatomical Position The standard anatomical position is a reference posture used in anatomy and medicine to describe the relative positions of body parts and anatomical structures. Anatomical Terms Refer to the specific vocabulary used to describe the structures, regions, and relationships within the human body. Body Planes Refers to an imaginary flat surface that passes through the human body, dividing it into distinct sections or planes. These planes serve as reference points for describing the orientation and spatial relationships of anatomical structures. Sagittal Plane: Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: Divides the body into left and Divides the body into upper and right halves. lower halves. Coronal plane Divides the body into front and back halves. Anatomical Structures An anatomical structure refers to a specific part or component of the human body that has a distinct form, location, and function.  Midline: Imaginary line that separate left and right of the body. Anatomical Structures Superior : Toward the head or upper part of a structure. Medial: Lateral: Toward the midline Away from the of the body. midline of the body. Anterior : Posterior: Toward the front Toward the back of the body. of the body. Proximal: Closer to the point of Inferior : attachment or origin. Toward the feet or lower part of a structure. Superficial (external): Toward or on the surface Distal: of the body. Farther from the Deep (internal): Away point of attachment from the surface of the or origin. body; more internal  SUPPINE: Body is lying on plane with face up. PRONE: Body is lying with face down Anatomical Anatomical movement refers to the various Movement types of motion that occur at joints and involve the muscles, bones, and other structures of the human body. These movements are fundamental for daily activities, sports performance, and overall functional capabilities. Anatomical Movement ABDUCTION The movement away from the midline ADDUCTION The movement towards the midline SUPINATION The movement away from the midline PRONATION The radio-humeral joint refers to the palm of the hand facing the ground. Anatomical Movement FLEXION Refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. EXTENSION Describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts PLANTARFLEXION Refers to pointing the foot away from the tibia and down into the ground. DORSIFLEXION Brings the dorsum (back) of the foot back toward the tibia, so the toes are beginning to point towards the sky. Anatomical Movement INVERSION Refers to bringing the soles of the feet in, so they are facing towards the midline of the body (and each other). EVERSION Refers to bringing the soles of the feet out, so they are facing away from the midline of the body. 2PROTRACTION Movement in the transverse plane that displaces a part of the body anteriorly (towards the front) RETRACTION Movement in the transverse plane that displaces a part of the body posteriorly (towards the back) Anatomical Movement DEPRESSION Movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation. ELEVATION Movement in a superior direction.