Building Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides PDF
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Edge Hill University
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This document details the pathophysiology of sepsis, explaining how an infection triggers a cascade of physiological changes leading to a life-threatening condition. It outlines the steps involved in the condition, including systemic immune response, fluid leak, and potentially disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
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Buiding Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides.docx Buiding Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides.docx Page 1 of 4 This preview may have altered the layout of this file. You can still download the original file. Building Schemata with Sepsis & S...
Buiding Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides.docx Buiding Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides.docx Page 1 of 4 This preview may have altered the layout of this file. You can still download the original file. Building Schemata with Sepsis & Shock Slides What is Sepsis? The Body’s Extreme Systematic Response to an infection SEPSIS is a life-threatening condition that occurs when an existing infection triggers a chain of physiological reactions throughout the body Step-by-Step on the Pathophysiology (how the normal physiology changes) 1. Person gets an infection (From anything-it could be a cut somewhere) 2. This triggers an immune response (Like when we have a cold our glands in neck bloat-immune response): But in Sepsis, there’s an immunologic overactivity 3. (Hyperactive immune response): Excess Leukocytes (White blood cell responsible for fighting infections and bacteria-that’s why lots of White blood cells in bloods). 4. So because of this excessive response-instead of it doing the job locally (at the site), it becomes systemic (in the circulation). 5. When this happens, the capillaries become more dilated & permeable (This means they can sieve out fluid from inside the vessel and leak out to outside the vessel. Think about it: If fluid is not inside the vessels but outside of them, then will this not impact on the preload (i.e STROKE VOLUME)? 6. This will compromise blood flow to organs and tissues. Intravascular volume decreases and abruptly drops too low to maintain tissue perfusion. 7. Now let’s turn this to another perspective: Remember the Extrinsic pathway of clotting cascade?? If we are losing blood volume (Like a major Haemorrhage)-and tissue damage from metabolic acidosis and vascular permeability, we kick-start an abnormal clotting cascade. 8. This means DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy) = cells respond by triggering micro clots, causing blockage and also restricting oxygen availability to tissues even further (Oxygen was already limited because of the loss of volume carrying the oxygen) 9. Now without Oxygen- (Glucose + Oxygen = ATP+ C02+H20) you got (Glucose= ATP+ Lactic Acid). Because of the loss of 02 and production of Lactic Acid this become anaerobic Metabolism (it would be anaerobic respiration if someone wasn’t breathing properly, but this is loss of 02 in the circulation rather than primarily from breathing distress); the resulting lactic acid build-up causes metabolic acidosis. This leads to cell death and Tissue death-Then MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE :
