Sepsis Part 2.pdf

Health Variations 4 NURS3015 Sepsis- Part 2  Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Act 1968 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of...

Health Variations 4 NURS3015 Sepsis- Part 2  Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Act 1968 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of Western Sydney University under Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice.  Sepsis Pathophysiology Pathogens enter the host’s body Releases toxic substances e.g., endotoxin Damages tissues Damages endothelial cells Tissue factor Inflammatory cascade Stimulates the mast cells Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Coagulation Pathway Plasminogen Plasmin Releases histamines, chemotactic Tissue Plasminogen Disseminated Intravascular agents, leukotrienes, prostaglandins Activator (TPA) Coagulopathy (Alternate Bleeding and Clotting) Microvascular occlusion from clots  Sepsis Pathophysiology Inflammatory mediators are released Vasodilation and Triggers Immune system Proteases release Vascular permeability Leaky capillaries Attracts more WBCs- monocytes, Inflammatory Response Fluid accumulates in the neutrophils interstitial space Phagocytosis Stimulates Hypothalamus (Temperature Control) Blood volume Releases Interleukin I, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha Releases Prostaglandins Decreased Oxygen to tissues Fever Sepsis Pathophysiology Pathophysiology of organ damage in sepsis Amplification ( Hyper responsive state) Increased Host Triggered Coagulation Pathway response Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy ( Cyclic bleeding and clotting) References Daniels, R & Nutbeam,T. ABC of Sepsis. Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, NJ: BMJ/ Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Craft, Judy, Gordon, Christopher J., Author, Huether, Sue E, McCance, Kathryn L, Author, and Rote, Neal S. Understanding Pathophysiology. 3e, Australian and New Zealand ed. 2019. Linton, Adrianne Dill, Matteson, Mary Ann. Medical-surgical Nursing. 7th ed. 2020. Jameson, J. Larry, Fauci, Anthony S., Editor, Kasper, Dennis L., Loscalzo, Joseph, and Harrison, Tinsley Randolph. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. 2018. Ralston, Stuart. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 23rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018.