Self and Personality PDF

Self and Personality Chapter-2 : Part-I Self Self refers to “The totality of an Who Am I? I am SMART Individual’s conscious HANDSOME experiences, CHEERFUL FRIENDLY…….. ideas, thoughts and feelings with...

Self and Personality Chapter-2 : Part-I Self Self refers to “The totality of an Who Am I? I am SMART Individual’s conscious HANDSOME experiences, CHEERFUL FRIENDLY…….. ideas, thoughts and feelings with regards to himself or herself” Self & Personality : Class-XII  How Self Develops? A newly born child has no idea of self As a child grows older, the idea of self emerges and its formation begins. Parents, friends teachers and other significant persons play a vital role in shaping child's ideas about self Our daily interaction with other people, our experiences and the meaning we give to them , serve as the basis of our self Self & Personality : Class-XII  Personal Identity Personal identity refers to those attributes of a person that make him or her different from others When a person describes himself or herself by telling her name ( I am Lourdes ) Based on the qualities or characteristics ( I am honest and hardworking ) Potentialities or capabilities ( I am a dancer ) I am Lourdes, I am sincere , hardworking and a dancer Beliefs ( I am a believer of God ) Self & Personality : Class-XII Social identity Social identity refers to those aspects social of a person that link him/her to a social or cultural group or are derived from it When someone says I am a Christian/Muslim or a Mansaka, Mandaya, Aeta - is trying to indicate his Social identity I am an Adivasi Self & Personality : Class-XII  Self as Subject and Self as Object Self as Subject (Person Self as Object (Receiving Doing) Action) The self is described as a subject- who The self is described as an object -which does something gets affected an entity that does I am one who gets easily affected- an something entity which gets easily affected Self is being described as a knower- I Self is being described as known- know who I am something that can be known As a subject ( actor) the self actively As an object (consequence) the self gets engages in the process of knowing itself observed and comes to be known Self & Personality : Class-XII  Kinds of Self Social / Familial / Relational Personal Self Self Personal self is primarily Social self emerges in relation with concerned with oneself others Emphasis comes to be laid on Emphasizes aspects of life such as those aspects of life that relate cooperation, unity, affiliation, only to the concerned person, sacrifice, support or sharing. such as personal freedom, This self values family and social personal responsibility, personal relationship achievement or personal comforts Self & Personality : Class-XII Cognitive and Behavioural aspects of Self Self concept The way we perceive our self and the ideas we hold about our competencies and attributes is called as self concept At a general level – view of oneself is positive or negative At a specific level- a person may have a positive view about his athletic ability but a negative view of his academic talents Assessment of self concept The most frequently used method is asking the person about herself/ himself Self & Personality : Class-XII Self Esteem “The value judgement of a person about himself or herself is called Self Esteem” Development of self esteem : Studies indicate that children by the age of 7 years have formed self esteem in following four areas:  Academic Competence  Social Competence  Physical Athletic Competence &  Physical Appearance Overall self esteem : It is the capacity to view oneself in terms of stable disposition and combine separate self evaluation into a general psychological image of oneself Self & Personality : Class-XII Self Esteem Self esteem shows a strong relationship with our everyday behaviour Children with high academic self esteem perform better Child with low self esteem in schools than those with low academic self esteem Studies reveal that warm and positive parenting helps in developing high self esteem in children because they feel they are accepted ,competent and worthwhile. When parents help or make decisions for them when they do not need assistance suffer from low self esteem. Anxiety Depression Children with low self esteem in all area shows anxiety, Anti social behaviour depression and increasing anti social behaviour Self & Personality : Class-XII  Assessment of Self Esteem Assessment of self esteem: A variety of statements are presented to a person and ask him to indicate the extent to which the statements are true for her or him. Ex : I am highly liked by my peers - True I am good at homework - True If a child repots these statements are true for him/her there self esteem is high in comparison to someone who says no. Self & Personality : Class-XII Self - Efficacy Self- efficacy is an extent to which a person believes they themselves control their life outcomes or the outcomes are controlled by luck or fate or other situational factors. The notion of self efficacy is based on Banduras Social learning theory. He showed that children and adults learned behaviour by observing and imitating others People’s expectation of achievement also determine the type of behaviour in which they will engage, also the amount of risk they would undertake. Strong sense of self efficacy allows people to select, influence and even construct the circumstances of their own life, also feel less fearful. Society, parents and own positive experiences can help in the development of a strong sense of self efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of children Self & Personality : Class-XII  Self Regulation Self Regulation refers to our ability to organise and monitor our own behaviour People, who are able to change their behaviour according to the demands of external environment are high on self monitoring. Self Control Self control is learning to delay or defer the gratification of needs. Self control plays a key role in fulfilment of long-term goals Psychological Techniques of Self Control 1. Observation of own behaviour is one which provides us with necessary information that may be used to change, modify or strengthen certain aspects of self 2. Self Instruction: Instructs our self to do something and behave the way we want to. Such instructions are quiet effective in self regulation 3. Self Reinforcement : this involves rewarding behaviours that have pleasant outcomes. Self & Personality : Class-XII Culture and Self Filipino view of the Self Western view of self Shifting nature of boundary Boundary is relatively fixed between self and others (Individual self and social self) Family Individual Does not have clear Has clear dichotomies dichotomies between self and other, man Grou p and nature, subjective and objective Western Perspective Collectivistic nature – Self is Individualistic culture - Self generally not separated from and the group exists as two one’s own group, rather both different entities with clearly Individual Group remain in a state of defined boundaries, individual harmonious coexistence members of group maintain their individuality Self & Personality : Class-XII  Personality Meaning of personality is derived from the Latin word persona  Personality refers to our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations. Example describing a person as shy, sensitive, quiet warm, concerned etc  It refers to unique and relatively stable qualities that characterise an individuals behaviour across different situations over a period of time The way a person thinks, feels &  Personality is characterised by the consistency in behaves across various situations behaviour, thought and emotions across situations and time periods  Example: An honest person is most likely to remain honest irrespective of time or situation Self & Personality : Class-XII Characteristics of Personality i. It has both physical and psychological components. ii. Its expression in terms of behaviour is fairly unique in a given individual. iii. Its main features do not easily change due to internal or external situational demands. Thus personality is adaptive to changes. iv. Its main features do not easily change with time. Characteristics of an individuals personality helps to Predict how that individual will probably behave in a variety of circumstances Understanding of personality allows us to deal with people in a realistic and acceptable ways Self & Personality : Class-XII  Personality : Related Terms Temperament : biologically based characteristic way of reacting Ex: a person emotionally reacting in a irritable, anxious, restless in most of the situations Trait: stable, persistent and specific way of being Ex: introverts being passive, reserved, shy and cautious Dispositions: tendency of a person to react to a given situation in a particular way Ex: an individual having a tendency to argue and get angry when negatively criticized Character: the overall pattern of regularly occurring behaviour Habit: overlearned modes of behaving Values: goals and ideals that are considered important and worthwhile to achieve Ex: a student values punctuality, hard work, sincerity to achieve in his academics Self & Personality : Class-XII Self & Personality : Class-XII