Understanding Personality Traits and Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a person's biologically based characteristic way of reacting?

Temperament (correct)

Character

Dispositions

Trait

What does the term 'trait' describe in the context of personality?

A tendency to react in specific ways under certain circumstances

An overall pattern of regularly occurring behavior

Biologically based emotional responses

A stable, persistent, and specific way of being (correct)

Which term best describes a person's tendency to react in a particular way, such as getting angry when criticized?

Character

Habit

Values

Dispositions (correct)

How can understanding personality impact interpersonal interactions?

It helps to deal with people in realistic and acceptable ways Signup and view all the answers

What does 'values' refer to in the context of personality?

Goals and ideals considered important to achieve Signup and view all the answers

How does the Filipino view of self differ from the Western view of self in terms of boundaries?

The Filipino view showcases a harmonious coexistence of self and group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary derived meaning of the term 'personality'?

It is derived from the Latin word 'persona'. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the consistency of personality?

It is stable and reflects across different situations over time. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of characteristics of personality, which of the following statements is true?

Expression of personality is generally unique to the individual. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does not easily change due to internal or external demands?

The main features of personality. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Western view of self, how are individual and group identities perceived?

They have clearly defined boundaries as separate entities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the nature of personality?

It is subject to change based on mood. Signup and view all the answers

What do personality traits reflect over time?

Stable qualities and consistent behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

How does a child's idea of self begin to emerge?

From the opinions of parents and significant others. Signup and view all the answers

What best defines personal identity?

The unique attributes that make one distinct from others. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes social identity?

It links an individual to social or cultural groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy primarily concerned with?

A person's belief in their own control over life outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What does self as subject represent?

The self as an entity that acts and knows. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to the development of self-efficacy?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

How is personal self primarily concerned?

With the individual’s own characteristics and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates an aspect of social identity?

Identifying oneself as a member of a specific cultural group. Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT associated with self-control?

Observation of peer behavior Signup and view all the answers

How does self-regulation manifest in behavior?

By organizing and monitoring one's own behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of self as object emphasize?

The self receiving and being affected by experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What does self-instruction involve in terms of behavior modification?

Telling oneself how to behave to meet goals Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances does personal identity become prominent?

When reflecting on individual beliefs and characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the development of self?

It evolves through interactions and experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Which best represents the social self?

Emphasizing teamwork and collaboration. Signup and view all the answers

What does self concept refer to?

The perception of oneself and held ideas about competencies and attributes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas influences the formation of self esteem in children by age 7?

Physical athletic competence Signup and view all the answers

How does high academic self esteem affect children's performance in school?

It typically results in better performance. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does warm and positive parenting have on a child’s self esteem?

It fosters a sense of acceptance and worth. Signup and view all the answers

What can result from having low self esteem in children?

Anxiety and depression Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective method for assessing self esteem?

Presenting a variety of statements for self-evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which area does not specifically contribute to self esteem formation in children?

Emotional intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What defines overall self esteem?

An individual’s perception based on stable dispositions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Personality

Personality is a collection of characteristics unique to an individual and relatively stable over time
Personality is adaptive to changes
It predicts how an individual might react across different situations
Understanding personality allows for realistic and acceptable interactions with people

Temperament: An individual's biologically based characteristic way of reacting
- Example: A person emotionally reacting with irritability, anxiety, and restlessness in most situations
Trait: A stable, persistent, and specific way of being
- Example: Introverts, who tend to be passive, reserved, shy, and cautious
Dispositions: Tendencies of a person to react to a given situation in a particular way
- Example: An individual's tendency to argue and get angry when negatively criticized
Character: The overall pattern of regularly occurring behavior
Habit: Overlearned modes of behaving
Values: Goals and ideals that are considered important and worthwhile to achieve
- Example: A student values punctuality, hard work, and sincerity to achieve academic success

Culture and Self

Filipino View of the Self: Emphasizes shifting nature of boundaries between self and others
- Individual self and social self are not clearly distinct
Western View of the Self: Boundaries are relatively fixed between self and others
- Clear dichotomies between self and others, man and nature, subjective and objective
- Individualistic culture: Self and group exist as two distinct entities with defined boundaries
- Individual members of a group maintain their individuality

Self

Refers to the totality of an individual's conscious experiences, thoughts, and feelings regarding themselves
Formed through interactions with others and the meaning given to those experiences

How Self Develops

Infants have no concept of self
As children grow, their self-concept develops through interactions with parents, friends, teachers, and other significant figures

Personal Identity

Refers to attributes that make an individual distinct from others
Examples:
- Name (e.g., "I am Lourdes")
- Qualities or characteristics (e.g., "I am honest and hardworking")
- Potentialities or capabilities (e.g., "I am a dancer")
- Beliefs (e.g., "I am a believer of God")

Refers to aspects of a person that link them to a social or cultural group
Examples:
- Religion (e.g., "I am a Christian/Muslim")
- Ethnicity (e.g., "I am a Mansaka, Mandaya, Aeta")

Self as Subject & Self as Object

Self as Subject: The individual is described as the actor, who engages in actions
- The self is described as a knower
Self as Object: The individual is described as the receiver of action, who is affected
- The self is described as something that can be known

Kinds of Self

Personal Self: Focuses on individual aspects of life like personal freedom, responsibility, achievement, and comfort
Social Self: Emphasizes aspects of life related to others such as cooperation, unity, affiliation, sacrifice, support, or sharing. Values family and social relationships

Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Self

Self Concept

The way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold regarding our abilities and attributes
Can be general (positive or negative view of oneself) or specific (positive view of athletic ability but negative view of academic talent)

Self Esteem

The value judgment a person holds about themselves
Development of self-esteem: By age 7, children have formed self-esteem in four areas:
- Academic competence
- Social competence
- Physical athletic competence
- Physical appearance
Overall self-esteem combines separate self-evaluations into a general psychological image of oneself

Self Esteem and Behavior

High self-esteem is associated with positive behaviors: children with high academic self-esteem perform better in school
Warm and positive parenting fosters high self-esteem, making children feel accepted, competent, and worthwhile

Low Self Esteem

Children with low self-esteem consistently across areas show anxiety, depression, and increased anti-social behavior

Assessing Self Esteem

Individuals are asked to indicate how much they agree with statements reflecting different aspects of self-esteem (e.g., "I am highly liked by my peers")

Self-Efficacy

An individual's belief in their ability to control their life outcomes or the extent to which they believe outcomes are controlled by factors outside their control (luck, fate, or situational factors)
Based on Bandura's Social Learning Theory:
- Children and adults learn by observing and imitating others
- Expectations of achievement influence behavior and risk-taking
A strong sense of self-efficacy allows individuals to shape their circumstances and feel less fearful
Society, parents, and positive experiences contribute to the development of a strong sense of self-efficacy

Self-Regulation

The ability to organize and monitor one's own behavior
Individuals high in self-monitoring can adapt their behavior according to demands of the external environment

Self-Control

The ability to delay or defer gratification of needs
Key for achieving long-term goals

Psychological Techniques of Self Control (3 Techniques)

Observation of own behavior: provides information for change, modification, or strengthening aspects of self
Self-instruction: Instructs self to do something and behave in a desired way
Self-reinforcement: Rewarding behaviors that have pleasant outcomes

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Description

Explore the complex concept of personality, including its defining features and its influence on behavior. This quiz covers key terms such as temperament, traits, dispositions, and more, providing insights into how these elements shape individual interactions. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of personality and its various dimensions.