Understanding Personality Traits and Characteristics
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Understanding Personality Traits and Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a person's biologically based characteristic way of reacting?

  • Temperament (correct)
  • Character
  • Dispositions
  • Trait

    • What does the term 'trait' describe in the context of personality?

  • A tendency to react in specific ways under certain circumstances
  • An overall pattern of regularly occurring behavior
  • Biologically based emotional responses
  • A stable, persistent, and specific way of being (correct)

    • Which term best describes a person's tendency to react in a particular way, such as getting angry when criticized?

  • Character
  • Habit
  • Values
  • Dispositions (correct)

    • How can understanding personality impact interpersonal interactions?

    <p>It helps to deal with people in realistic and acceptable ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'values' refer to in the context of personality?

    <p>Goals and ideals considered important to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Filipino view of self differ from the Western view of self in terms of boundaries?

    <p>The Filipino view showcases a harmonious coexistence of self and group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary derived meaning of the term 'personality'?

    <p>It is derived from the Latin word 'persona'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the consistency of personality?

    <p>It is stable and reflects across different situations over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of characteristics of personality, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Expression of personality is generally unique to the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of personality does not easily change due to internal or external demands?

    <p>The main features of personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Western view of self, how are individual and group identities perceived?

    <p>They have clearly defined boundaries as separate entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the nature of personality?

    <p>It is subject to change based on mood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do personality traits reflect over time?

    <p>Stable qualities and consistent behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a child's idea of self begin to emerge?

    <p>From the opinions of parents and significant others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines personal identity?

    <p>The unique attributes that make one distinct from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes social identity?

    <p>It links an individual to social or cultural groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-efficacy primarily concerned with?

    <p>A person's belief in their own control over life outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self as subject represent?

    <p>The self as an entity that acts and knows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to the development of self-efficacy?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is personal self primarily concerned?

    <p>With the individual’s own characteristics and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates an aspect of social identity?

    <p>Identifying oneself as a member of a specific cultural group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT associated with self-control?

    <p>Observation of peer behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does self-regulation manifest in behavior?

    <p>By organizing and monitoring one's own behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of self as object emphasize?

    <p>The self receiving and being affected by experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-instruction involve in terms of behavior modification?

    <p>Telling oneself how to behave to meet goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances does personal identity become prominent?

    <p>When reflecting on individual beliefs and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the development of self?

    <p>It evolves through interactions and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best represents the social self?

    <p>Emphasizing teamwork and collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self concept refer to?

    <p>The perception of oneself and held ideas about competencies and attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas influences the formation of self esteem in children by age 7?

    <p>Physical athletic competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high academic self esteem affect children's performance in school?

    <p>It typically results in better performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does warm and positive parenting have on a child’s self esteem?

    <p>It fosters a sense of acceptance and worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from having low self esteem in children?

    <p>Anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective method for assessing self esteem?

    <p>Presenting a variety of statements for self-evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does not specifically contribute to self esteem formation in children?

    <p>Emotional intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines overall self esteem?

    <p>An individual’s perception based on stable dispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality

    • Personality is a collection of characteristics unique to an individual and relatively stable over time
    • Personality is adaptive to changes
    • It predicts how an individual might react across different situations
    • Understanding personality allows for realistic and acceptable interactions with people
    • Temperament: An individual's biologically based characteristic way of reacting
      • Example: A person emotionally reacting with irritability, anxiety, and restlessness in most situations
    • Trait: A stable, persistent, and specific way of being
      • Example: Introverts, who tend to be passive, reserved, shy, and cautious
    • Dispositions: Tendencies of a person to react to a given situation in a particular way
      • Example: An individual's tendency to argue and get angry when negatively criticized
    • Character: The overall pattern of regularly occurring behavior
    • Habit: Overlearned modes of behaving
    • Values: Goals and ideals that are considered important and worthwhile to achieve
      • Example: A student values punctuality, hard work, and sincerity to achieve academic success

    Culture and Self

    • Filipino View of the Self: Emphasizes shifting nature of boundaries between self and others
      • Individual self and social self are not clearly distinct
    • Western View of the Self: Boundaries are relatively fixed between self and others
      • Clear dichotomies between self and others, man and nature, subjective and objective
      • Individualistic culture: Self and group exist as two distinct entities with defined boundaries
      • Individual members of a group maintain their individuality

    Self

    • Refers to the totality of an individual's conscious experiences, thoughts, and feelings regarding themselves
    • Formed through interactions with others and the meaning given to those experiences

    How Self Develops

    • Infants have no concept of self
    • As children grow, their self-concept develops through interactions with parents, friends, teachers, and other significant figures

    Personal Identity

    • Refers to attributes that make an individual distinct from others
    • Examples:
      • Name (e.g., "I am Lourdes")
      • Qualities or characteristics (e.g., "I am honest and hardworking")
      • Potentialities or capabilities (e.g., "I am a dancer")
      • Beliefs (e.g., "I am a believer of God")

    Social Identity

    • Refers to aspects of a person that link them to a social or cultural group
    • Examples:
      • Religion (e.g., "I am a Christian/Muslim")
      • Ethnicity (e.g., "I am a Mansaka, Mandaya, Aeta")

    Self as Subject & Self as Object

    • Self as Subject: The individual is described as the actor, who engages in actions
      • The self is described as a knower
    • Self as Object: The individual is described as the receiver of action, who is affected
      • The self is described as something that can be known

    Kinds of Self

    • Personal Self: Focuses on individual aspects of life like personal freedom, responsibility, achievement, and comfort
    • Social Self: Emphasizes aspects of life related to others such as cooperation, unity, affiliation, sacrifice, support, or sharing. Values family and social relationships

    Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Self

    Self Concept

    • The way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold regarding our abilities and attributes
    • Can be general (positive or negative view of oneself) or specific (positive view of athletic ability but negative view of academic talent)

    Self Esteem

    • The value judgment a person holds about themselves
    • Development of self-esteem: By age 7, children have formed self-esteem in four areas:
      • Academic competence
      • Social competence
      • Physical athletic competence
      • Physical appearance
    • Overall self-esteem combines separate self-evaluations into a general psychological image of oneself

    Self Esteem and Behavior

    • High self-esteem is associated with positive behaviors: children with high academic self-esteem perform better in school
    • Warm and positive parenting fosters high self-esteem, making children feel accepted, competent, and worthwhile

    Low Self Esteem

    • Children with low self-esteem consistently across areas show anxiety, depression, and increased anti-social behavior

    Assessing Self Esteem

    • Individuals are asked to indicate how much they agree with statements reflecting different aspects of self-esteem (e.g., "I am highly liked by my peers")

    Self-Efficacy

    • An individual's belief in their ability to control their life outcomes or the extent to which they believe outcomes are controlled by factors outside their control (luck, fate, or situational factors)
    • Based on Bandura's Social Learning Theory:
      • Children and adults learn by observing and imitating others
      • Expectations of achievement influence behavior and risk-taking
    • A strong sense of self-efficacy allows individuals to shape their circumstances and feel less fearful
    • Society, parents, and positive experiences contribute to the development of a strong sense of self-efficacy

    Self-Regulation

    • The ability to organize and monitor one's own behavior
    • Individuals high in self-monitoring can adapt their behavior according to demands of the external environment

    Self-Control

    • The ability to delay or defer gratification of needs
    • Key for achieving long-term goals

    Psychological Techniques of Self Control (3 Techniques)

    • Observation of own behavior: provides information for change, modification, or strengthening aspects of self
    • Self-instruction: Instructs self to do something and behave in a desired way
    • Self-reinforcement: Rewarding behaviors that have pleasant outcomes

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    Self and Personality PDF

    Description

    Explore the complex concept of personality, including its defining features and its influence on behavior. This quiz covers key terms such as temperament, traits, dispositions, and more, providing insights into how these elements shape individual interactions. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of personality and its various dimensions.

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