Diabetes & Nutrition PDF

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Diabetes Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Diabetes Prevalence of diabetes One of the top 10 killers of adults In Canada, an estimated 2.4 million people had diabetes by 2016...

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Diabetes Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Diabetes Prevalence of diabetes One of the top 10 killers of adults In Canada, an estimated 2.4 million people had diabetes by 2016 Common forms of diabetes Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry https://www.healthycanadians.gc.ca/en/canrisk Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Type 1 Diabetes 5 to 10 percent of cases Common age of occurrence Autoimmune disorder Own immune system attacks pancreas Lose ability to produce insulin External sources of insulin Fast‐acting and long‐acting forms Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Type 2 Diabetes Predominant type of diabetes Lose sensitivity to insulin Obesity underlies many cases Other factors foreshadowing development of type 2 diabetes: Middle age and physical inactivity Body fat accumulation Genetic inheritance Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Prediabetes A condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. It is considered a major risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Prediabetes was formerly called impaired glucose tolerance. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry In Canada: 34% live with diabetes or prediabetes 13% live with diagnosed diabetes. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diagnosed, type 2 undiagnosed, and prediabetes combined in 2020: 11,232,000 people (or 29% of population) 2030 estimates are 13,559,000 people (32% of the population) $3.8B annually in direct health care costs for provinces. Diabetes in Canada: Backgrounder. Ottawa: Diabetes Canada; 2020. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry In Newfoundland and Labrador: 34% live with diabetes or prediabetes 13% live with diagnosed diabetes. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diagnosed, type 2 undiagnosed, and prediabetes combined in 2020: 185,000 people (or 34% of population) 2030 estimates are 211,000 people (38% of the population) $67M annually in direct health care costs for province. Diabetes in Newfoundland and Labrador: Backgrounder. Ottawa: Diabetes Canada; 2020. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Individuals with the following regular lifestyle habits have a greatly reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with those who live less healthy lifestyles. maintain a healthy body weight; choose a diet high in vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, and whole grains; exercise regularly, restrict alcohol, abstain from smoking. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Risk Factors – Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador has high rates of individual‐level modifiable risk factors: 53.2% of adults and 52.1% of youth are physically inactive 36% of adults are living with overweight and 40.2% of adults are living with obesity 81.7% of adults are not eating enough fruits and vegetables 25% males and 15% females classified as heavy drinkers 18.2% of adults are current tobacco smokers Diabetes in Newfoundland and Labrador: Backgrounder. Ottawa: Diabetes Canada; 2020. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Management of Diabetes Weight management (type 2 diabetes) Dietary management includes: Adequate nutrient intake Adequate fibre intake Moderate intake of added sugars Controlled in total carbohydrate Low in saturated fat, provides some unsaturated oils Adequate protein intake Physical activity (assists with prevention and management of diabetes) Improves tissue sensitivity to insulin (pharmaceutical) Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Resources Most provinces have very active Diabetes Canada regional offices and provincial programs for diabetes management. Dietitians are excellent first stop health professionals when assessing your dietary approach to lowering diabetes risk. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Next time…