Wastewater Treatment ENBT 401 (PDF)

Environmental Biotechnology (ENBT 401) Wastewater Treatment Course director: Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Wafeek Demonstra...

Environmental Biotechnology (ENBT 401) Wastewater Treatment Course director: Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Wafeek Demonstra tors: Afaf Abdelaty Mostafa El- Mariam Mohandes Prepared by: Mariam Mohamed Aysha Soliman Mohamed Donia Wafaa  ‫رؤية كلية التكنولوجيا الحيوية‬ ‫أن تكون كلية معتمدة اكاديميًا ورائدة في مجاالت‬ ‫التكنولوجيا الحيوية على المستوى المحلى واألقليمى‬ ‫والدولى‬  ‫رسالة كلية التكنولوجيا الحيوية‬ ‫تلتزم كلية التكنولوجيا الحيوية – جامعة مصر للعلوم‬ ‫والتكنولوجيا بتخريج مهندس تكنولوجيا حيوية طبقًا للمعايير‬ ‫األكاديمية المعتمدة يلبى إحتياجات سوق العمل المحلى‬ ‫واإلقليمي في القطاعات الطبية والصيدالنية والزاعية‬ ‫والبيئية وإجراء بحوث علمية مبتكرة وتقديم خدمات مجتمعية‬ ‫وإستشارات علمية في إطار قيم ارتقائية‪.‬‬  Wastew ater Wastewater is water that has been affected by human use, including a range of contaminants from residential, industrial, agricultural, and commercial activities. It typically contains organic and inorganic pollutants, pathogens, and various chemical substances, which can pose risks to human health and the environment if not properly managed. Toilet Factorie s s  Wastewater Treatment Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). Importance of wastewater treatment Waste reduction Energy production Fertilizer production Save money Figure 1. Quantitative assessments of the quality of wastewater Physical Chemical Biological parameters parameter parameters  Biochemical  Temperature  Chemical Oxygen Demand Oxygen Demand  Solids (COD) (BOD)  Turbidity  Dissolved Oxygen  Total Coliform  Color  Chlorides, Nitrogen and Fecal  Odor  Phosphorus Coliform Counts  Sulphur  E. coli Count  Pathogens Physical Parameters Solids  Solid material in wastewater may be dissolved, suspended, or settled.  Total dissolved solids or TDS is measured as the mass of residue remaining when a measured volume of filtered water is evaporated.  The mass of dried solids remaining on the filter is called total suspended solids (TSS) or nonfiltrable residue.  Settleable solids are measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom after water has Turbidity  Clarity of water is usually measured by its turbidity. Turbidity is a measure of the extent to which light is either absorbed or scattered by suspended material in water.  Turbidity is measured by comparing the intensity of light scattered by the sample with the intensity of light scattered by a standard solution. Odour  The most characteristic odour of wastewater is that of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is produced by anaerobic microorganisms.  The concentration of malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, mercaptans etc. emitted into the air from wastewater can be measured by gas monitor. Temperature  Temperature is very important parameter because of its effect on chemical reactions on reaction rates, aquatic life, and the solubility of essential gases such as oxygen in water.  Depending on the geographical location, the mean annual temperature of wastewater varies from about 10 to 21.1 º C.  The temperature of a wastewater sample can be measured with the help of ordinary mercury or Chemical Parameters  pH  The hydrogen-ion concentration is an important quality parameter of both natural water and wastewater. The pH of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect organisms.  Acids and other substances that alter pH can inactivate treatment processes.  Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) are two key indicators used to assess water pollution by measuring the amount of oxygen needed to break down organic materials in water.  Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)  (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature and time.  Usually, the time is taken as 5 days and the temperature 20°C as per the global standard.  The presence of a sufficient concentration of dissolved oxygen is critical to maintaining the aquatic life and aesthetic quality of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 1.Specialized 300 mL BOD bottles designed to allow full filling with no air. The bottles are filled with dilution (distilled or deionized) water and various amounts of the wastewater sample. 2. Dissolved oxygen DO meter is used to measure the initial dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) in each bottle. 3.Each bottle in then placed into a dark incubator at 20°C for five days. 4.After five days, the DO meter is used again to measure a final dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L). 5.The final DO reading is then subtracted from the initial DO reading and the result is the BOD concentration (mg/L). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)  The equivalent amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic matter present in a water sample by means of a strong chemical oxidizing agent is called chemical oxygen demand (COD).  COD values include the oxygen demand created by biodegradable as well as non- biodegradable substances.  As a result, COD values are greater than BOD.  Wastewater Treatment Fill- in Activity